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Doc., <4 > KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE ORDER OF LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM ; $ k NIGHT COMMANDER OF THE 1ST CLASS OF THE ORDER OF ALBERT OF SAXONY ; > CHEVALIER OF THE IMPERIAL ORDER OF MEDJIDIE OF TURKEY ; KNIGHT OF THE SIAMESE ORDER OF BUSABA-MALA ; j KNIGHT OF THE GURKHA ORDER OF SARASWATI, SANGITA NAYAKA AND SANGITA SAGARA OF NEPAUL ; < FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT OF THE BENGAL MUSIC SCHOOL ; HONORARY MAGISTRATE, JUSTICE OF THE PEACE AND FELLOW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA; ;! MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, AND FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE, GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND ; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL SWEDISH MUSICAL ACADEMY, STOCKHOLM ; OFFICIER DE L’lNSTRUCTION PUBLIQUE AND OFFICIER D\ACADEMIE, PARIS ) ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, LETTERS AND FINE ARTS OF BELGIUM ; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE MUSICAL SOCIETY OF AMSTERDAM ; FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE ROYAL PHILOLOGICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTION OF NETHERLANDS INDIA AT THE HAGUE ; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA ; SOCIO ONORARIO OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ST. CECILIA, ROME J SOCIO ONORARIO SOCIETA DIDASCALICA ITALIANA ; ACCADEMICO CORRISPONDENTE OF THE ACADEMY OF THE ROYAL MUSICAL INSTITUTE AND ORDINARY MEMBER OF THE ORIENTAL ACADEMY OF FLORENCE ; SOCIO CORRISPONDENTE OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF RAFFAELLO, URBINO, ITALY ; BENEMERITO OF THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF PARMA ; SOCIO CO-OPERATORE OF THE ACADEMY OF PITTAGORICA, NAPLES ; SOCIO ONORARIO OF THE PHILHARMONIC ACADEMY OF BOLOGNA ; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ATHENS, GREECE ; SOCIO ONORARIO OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF PALERMO, SICILY ; PATRON OF THE ATHENEUM OF THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI, SARDINIA ; AND HONORARY MEMBER OF THE PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY OF MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA; &C., &C., &C. PART I. CALCUTTA: 1879. 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PREFACE, JHIS “ Mani-mala” (Chain of Gems) has been strung on the four-fold thread of English, Bengali, Hindi and Sanskrit languages, with the gems obtained from the precious mines of the Puranas and other classic works of the Hindus. At the end of the description of each class of gcmsjhave been inserted the views of the European authorities thereon as a knot in order to compactness. To the whole has been attached a Pendant forming the supplement, replenished with miscellaneous infor- mation on diverse kinds of gems. S. M. TAGORE. “ ‘ 3 rPr s rt®Tl ” ^ Defects of the Cat’s-eye 259 CatVeye: Its Properties ... • • . 266 Cat’s -eyes — where found • •• 267 Mode of Cutting • • • )) Its price, Flaws'a’nd Defects; mode of Testing • t t 9) Its Marvellous Powers ... ... t t • 269 ;[ Celebrated Cat’s-eyes ... • •• » .Pearl,. page 273 — 352. Properties of Pearls ... ... 311 Defects of Pearls • •• 317 Pearl :• Its Properties • too 326 Original Formation of Pearls t t t 327 Pearls*— where found : Pearl Fisheries ... 1 1 t 331 Mode of* Boring* and Polishing • ... ... 339 j Pearls,- as known -to the Ancients ... 340 Price of . Pearls : Imitations... M* 344 Marvellous and Medicinal Virtues of- the Pearl ... 348 Celebrated Pearls* ... 349 "* Gomeda or Zircon, &c., page 355 — 365. Zircon, Hyacinth or Jacinth : Its Properties 360 Zircon,. &c., — where found ... • . . 361 Mode of Cutting and Polishing ... 362 Zircon, .Jacinth or Hyacinth, as known to the Ancients: Engravings ... 363 Price of the Zircon; its Flaws and Defects; mode of Testing Marvellous Properties attributed to the Zircon )9 \ 365. CONTENTS. Page 378 379 381 382 3S3 Marvellous and Medicinal Powers attributed to Coral 384* Coral, page 367—385. Coral : . Its Properties Corals — where found : Coral Fisheries ... Cutting. and Boring of Coral... Engraving on Corals Coral, as known to the Ancients : Its Uses Price of Coral : Its Imitations Emerald, page 387 — 4*18. Defects of the Emerald Good Properties of the Emerald Shades of the Emerald Emerald: Its Properties Emeralds — where found Emerald., as known to the Anoients ' ... Engravings on Emerald ... ... Cutting of Emerald Price of the Emerald ; its Flaws and Defects : Imita- tions . Marvellous and Medicinal Properties Celebrated Emeralds Topaz, page 421 — 433. Topaz : Its Properties Topazes— where found : Varieties of the Topaz Topaz, as known to the Ancients Cutting and Engraving ... Its price : Imitations Marvellous and Medicinal Properties attributed to the Topaz Celebrated Topazes Sapphire, page 435 — 459. Qualities of the Sapphire ... Defects of the Sapphire Sapphire: Its Properties Sapphires — where found .... . Sapphire, as known to the Ancients Engraving and Cutting Its price, Flaws and Defects : Imitations Marvellous and Medicinal Properties attributed to the Sapphire Celebrated Sapphires 393 395 397 402 404 407 411 412 413 415 417 42G 427 428 430 431 432 441 443 450 451 452 453 ,456 458 CONTENTS. Chrysoberyl, page 461—466. Chrysoberyl : Its Properties Chrysoberyls — where found ... Mode of Cutting Chrysoberyl, as known to the Ancients Its price Garnet, page 469—479 Garnet : Its Properties Its varieties — where found ... ... ##o Cutting and Engraving ... ... Garnet, as known to the Ancients ... ... Its price : Imitations Marvellous and Medicinal Properties Celebrated Garnets ... Ml Carnelian, page 481—487. Carnelian : Its Properties Carnelians — where found Cutting and Engraving Carnelian, as kuown to the Ancients ... Its price Marvellous and Medicinal Virtues attributed to the Carnelian Quartz, page 489—495. Quartz: Its varieties ... ... ### Rock-Crystal, page 497—506. Rock-Crystal : Its Properties : Where found : Cutting and Engraving Rock-Crystal, as known to the Ancients : Its Uses Its price : Imitations ... Marvellous and Medicinal Properties Celebrated Rock-Crystals Page 464 465 >y 99 466 472 > 99 474 476 477 479 >» 482 483 484 485 486 494 502 503 504 505 i fors i t • • *$& « ... ... cd ... ^\D wri fr<\ CSttOPT • • • ... ... we fWf • . • ... v3b^ UtRC'iR Cffa • • • 0.0 • I • SR^R^ 'Q«| ... W><£ WF^tTl ... ... . • • •ffaw ... ... 8^ ... 8W ^SRtRR 'Q 4 ! ... Ml 88^ Offt ... ... 8 8^0 ^Fc^H ... 8^* *2ff^ ... ... Ml 8^ ^tKt ... 8V^ • . • 8V«> • • • III • t • 8^ i s < | . ^s. ^ rlFWtw f%TT^^f%: ^ ^PJJTHraT *?T I sftWT^* ^T«TT 3f*T t%«J W- II 1 c\ 5nf?r tpfrgiraj * B frwf^Rt I *r ^ TW •TT^TT - ’ ^TOff %W I ; W?T^ TW<5T ?fWT^ W* v5 ^ WTf^ f%¥T «ITWT t I ^ I srtcr 1 *u 3T? ^ ^'t ^ f^Tj *fti, 5RTW3\i *TT^T, ^PT *TT €t^T, ^fspiT, 'ftWTT^r, ^ft^, fjnr?T, ^fz^, *sftx xm$ ’wfa t, srcrjshi ^ tjwt^ 3iT?r 1 1 ^ 1 8 1 A TREATISE ON GEMS. Translation. 1. Of the various kinds of gems, those Only that, on examination, turn out to be sterling, should be treasured up. 2. As a pure jewel is a source of manifold bless- ing to man, so a flawy one is the cause of diverse troubles. I shall therefore expose the real proper- ties of precious stones. 3 — 4. According to authorities in the science of precious stones, the following classification well nigh exhausts the more important ones : diamond, pearl, zircon, ruby, emerald, sapphire, cat’s eye, topaz, cymophane, garnet, spinel or balas ruby, quartz and coral. i 'q crfa wpgjrft- cwt ^rl II ^ II 51^51, •TPI^I, ^3 *t«Ti snrcw wi, ^1% OR II « II 8 II ’snsrffp^ TTW# ^q^tq rTcT^i^f qftWT ^ t qq&W TeTf^tfllt q ’T^TeTHT D "i II f»q TR WTTWT^ qifq qTqfihqfq I ^tqqfpqq^qr ^wqwr^r i f o q^wT qf^frqf Twr^t i qrqw qq-Tf qifq qn4: ftrainifhrraT it \a n ■anr^n^r: $ qqrqifq tnftarait I q X& ^^T^T^pi' tITT: qftqrfqrqi: II c; g qC3WT nrqn^ft-q%?r qfqir qf, n, qqq qU qqT, q^qrciq qrfar q>qq qT^ qq?s fqqq i <* I qft tw $f^q qfc f qiqq qq^T Ttm t, qH; tm qV* ffq^ ftq 1 1 ^ i wr TT^T qqq q^q€t qqqqT qTq %, ^q€t qfqq t - , qf%q q^^T qiqq gqq q> fq^xq 1*tq, qq^^r qqf qfc qTW qi^t I \3 I «rt q-friq Tenn^rq fqg-q> q4^T qwqrr sqq^rc qqq a, fqq Twq»T qqT qfqq % qq% fqirq ^Tq v qqiq» q?K * rest wqr (Ti^fw fm\ crt^f ^d, d% '©fwt ti «rfa*i inn <71 W *I#Tl ^TFk C¥t*f \«1f Wl 'Sit-'®, ‘fM'fa *flTiR II * II I