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A

CRITICAL HISTORY '

OF THE <^M^^^.

Athanasian Creed.

Representing the OPINIONSof

ANTIENTS AND MODERNS

CONCERNING IT:

IP'kh an Account of the Manuscripts, Versions, and Comments, and fuch other particulars as are of moment for the determining the Age, and Author, and Value oj ity and the Time of its Reception in the Chrijiian Churches.

By D A N I E L WATERLAND. D. D.

Chancellor of the Church of YORK, mdchdpUin iu ordinary to His MAJESTY.

CAMBRIDGE,

Printed at the University Press for Corn. Crown- field, Printer to the University: And are to be fold by J.Knapton, R. Knaplock, W. andT.lNNYS Bookfellers in LONDON. 1724.

. .N^>i^y>f

-4 .■ ^'v

To His GRACE, The lord ARCHBISHOP

O F

YORK,

Primate of ENGLAND and Metropolitan.

My Lord,

^^^^g|AM dellrous of fending thefe Pa- pers abroad under your Grace's Name, in confidence you will be a Patron to Them, as you have been to the Author. I would

g'jg ^^-Q^js^^m^i^

make their way Ihort and eafy to the pnhlick Efteem? by introducing them firft into your

^

G R A c e's

The Dedication.

Grace's Acquaintance, and good Opinion: Which if they have once the Honour to ob • tain, I may then be allured that they will be both ufeful to the World, and acceptable with ^Xgood Men\ the Height of my Ambition.

THE SuhjeB-i my Lord, is the Athanafian Creeds the moft accurate Syftem of the /Itha- nafiam that is, the Chri/lian Faith : Of which your G R A c E is, by your Station and Chara- d:er, by Duty and Office, and, what is more, by Inclination and Principle, and real Servi- ces, the watchiul Guardian^ and Preferver.

THE K^ppy Fruits of it are vifible in the

How and inconfiderable Progrefs that th^Nevj

Hercfy has been able to make within your Pro-

'Vince; where it died, in a manner, as it firft

arofe, and no fooner began to lift up its Head,

but funk down again in Shame and Coiifu-

Hoii: As if the Plenty of good Seed fowh had

left

The Dedication.

left no room for Tares^ or They could take no root in a Soil fo well Cultivated,

WHILE your G r A c e is promoting the Honour and Jnterefts of our Holy Faith,, in the Eminent Way? by the Wifdom of your Counfelsy the Authority of your Precepts:^ and the Brightnels of your High Example ; I am endeavouring, in fuch a way as I can? to con- tribute fomething to the fame Common Caufey tho' it be but {light and fmall? tho' it be only reviewing the Fences^ and furveying the Outvjorkr^ which is the moft I pretend to in the Htfimry h/^xc prefentad.

WHAT Advantage Others may reap from

the Public ation-iWiW remain in fufpence: But I

am fure of .Qi^€ to my Je/f(^nd I lay hold of it

with a great deal of pleafure) The Opportunity

I thereby have of returning my puhlick Thanks

to ypur Cjjiacp. for your puhlick Favors.

Thor

The Dedication.

Tho' This, my Lord^ is but a fcanty Expreffion for them, and far fliort, where the engaging Manner and CircumJlanceS', known but to Fevj^ and not to be underftood by Many^ make fb confiderable an Addition in the whole, and almoft double the Obligation upon

My LOR'D.

Tour G R A C E V pioji obl'tgedy

tnoft dutiful.

and tnoft obedient Humble Servant,

Daniel ^atbrland.

THE

PREFACE

WHAT I here frefent the Reader n}jithy nxiJl not require much Preface. 7he Introdudion intimatep the Dcfign, and Ufe, and Partition of the Work, 7he Appendix, nji)hich is an additional Inlargement heyond my firfi Dejigfiy gives account of it felf. I fuhjoin Two Indexes, for the Eafe and Convenience offuch Perfons as may he difpofed, not only to read thefe Sheet Sy hut to Jludy the SuhjeB, I Jhould fcarce iave thought of making Indexes to fo /mail a Treatife, had I not found the like in Tentzelius, ufon the fame SuhjeBy and to a /mailer TraB than This is. His <vjere of conjiderahle ufe to Me, as often as I wanted to revienv any particular Author, or Pafl fige, or to compare dijlant Parts, relating to the fame lhin(rs, one 'with another. The Beneft therefore 'which I reapd from his Lahoursy 1 am 'willing to pay hack to the Publick hy mine.

As to the Subjed of the following Sheets, I make no quefion of its 'well deferring the Thoughts and Conjideration of every Jludious ^'Reader 5 having hefoVe pafsd through the Hands of many the mojl learnedy and mojl judicious Men, and fuch as 'would not mifem^ ploy their Time, and Pains upon a Trife, As to the prefent Manage- ment of it, it muf he left to the Reader to judge of, as He fees Caufe.

i Jhould thro'w in a few previous Hints about the Chronology of tloe federal Parts, and the Rules I have fet to my felf in it. For our Saxon Kings, 'where I have occafan to mention them, I

content

The PREFACE.

content my felf iiith Tyrrell's Tables, printed at the end of Dr. Hickcs's Ihclaurns. They are the hejt for gti'mg a fiort and fuc chili i^ie-vj oj the iihole, and are accurate euongh for mv prrpoje -^ thd ihty may fomctimes differ a little from the other, and perhaps truer y /Iccoitvts. Ho weaver , now I have grutn this prei^ious no- tice of it, there ^irill be no danger of leadhig any Perfon into mijlahes on that Head.

For the Chronology of the other Parts, I have conftdted the hefl Authors ^ endeavouring to fix it niith as much Accuracy as I could. Ifhercver I could certainly determine the Age of any TraFf, printed or matiufcript, to a Year, / fet doiin That Tear : Jf*here I could not do it {as in Manufcripts one feldom can) I take any frohahle year within the Conjpafs of Time luhen <^w Author iskno'Vcii to have flourilh'd ; or for a Manufcripty any prohahle year iiith- in fuch a Century, or fuch a King's Reign '-j.^herein the Manu^ fci'ipt is reafon ably judged to have been iifitten : And I general- ly chufe a round 7iumber, rather than other*^ifey in fiich mdef* nite Cafes and hijlances.

Thus for example, firjl in refpect of Authors; there is a Com- ment (?/* Venantius Fortunatus, upon the Athanafian Cr^^^^, ^cjhich I have reprinted in my Appendix. I cannot fx the Age of it to a Tear, no nor to xo Tears. All that is certain is, that St ^iias made hetiueen y 5 6 irhen Fortunatus frfl ^jsent into the Gallican Parts, and 55^5? ^ujhen Fie ivas advanced to the Bi- Jhoprick of Poi^ticrs. JVithin This "^lide compafs, I chufe the year 57 c. If any one fiall rather chufe > 80, or 5j?o, I /hall not dif- pute it nrith Him, nor doth any thing very material depend upon it : But if any good reafon can be given for taking fome other year rather than 570, i Jljall iwtnediately acquiefce in it,

> I {hall

The PREFACE.

i fhall mention one Inffance more, ^-ajhere the Compafs of Time is not near fo ^ide. In fixi7ig the Date of one of the Pieces of Ratram, 'vjhich 1 refer to in page 21, 1 guide my Jelf by the PoTitifcate of Pope Nicholas /. ^who fat in the See from 858 to 867 : And fo I place Ratram /;2 ^<5 4i v.pon prohahle prefumption^^o^hich may fuffice. But if it he certain that Pope NichoLisV Letter to the Gallican Bijhops lore date fo loio as S6y (nvhich I have fince found reafon to believe) then Ratram ought to he placed rather in 8<j8 j njjhich i here intimate in the 'waj of CorreBion.

As to Manufcripts, it is ivell kno'con there is no fixing them precifely to a Tear, meerly from the Hand^ or, Chara6ler: And there are but fe-iv, in comparifon, that carry their own certain Dates ^coith them. Ihe bejl Judges therefore in thefe matters, nvili think it fufficient to point out the King's Reign, or fomefmes the Century, ^wherein a Manufcript ^jas ^ixritten : And in the njery antient ones, above 1 000 years old, They nvill hardly' he pofaive fo much as to the Century, for ^ant of certaifi d if criminating marks between Manufcript s of the Vth, FIth, and Vllth Cen- turies.

It may be ask'd then, njuhy I pretend to fx the feveral Manu- fcripts , hereafter to he mention d, to certain years ifi the margin ^ tnofe that carry no certain Dates, as avell as the other that do ? I do it for order and regularity, and for the more diflincl per- ception of Things ; ^^hich is much promoted and affified by this or^ derly ranging them according to Years, At the fame time, the in^ telligent Reader 'will eqjily under fand nvhere to take a thing as certain, and 'where to tnake Allowances. It is fomething like the placing of Cities, Tow?is, Rivers, &c. in a Map, or a Glebe: They have all their certain Places there, in fuch or fuch precife

^ ^ Decrees

The PREFACE.

Degrees of Longitude^ <^?7^ Latitude j nihich perhaps feUom anfv:er to the Jlriif Truth of Things J or to a 7fiathematical exaSliieJs. ButjitU it ferves the purpofe ^uery near as ^dcell as if every thing had been adjujled ''dith the utmojl ^Jtcety : And the Imagination and Memo- ry are tnighti/y relieved by tt. Thus much I thought proper to hmt in ^vindication of my Mcihod, and to prevent any deception on one Band, or m'tfconjiruclion on the other. I have, I thinkj upon the niholey generally gone upon the fairejl and moji prohable prefump- tion , and according to the mo ft correct Accounts of the kno'v:iyjg.y and mo ft accurate Men. But if I have any "nhere through inadvertency, or for iiant of better information, happen" d to mijiake in any material part, the befl '-ojay of apologizing for it, ^aill be to correU it the frjl opportunity, after notice of it.

As to 7neer O\ri\i\\0\\s,They ^dill appear more, or feirer, accord- ing to Ad ens difj^erent Judgments, or Opinio7js iihat to call an O- miflion. I inight have inlarged, cojjfderably, the ftrji Chapter, ijchich treats of the Learned K'lodcrns : iho' fome perhaps ^jjHI think it too large already, and that it might better have been cojitraBed, I omitted feveral Klodeiins mention d by Tentzelius, ni:hofe pro- fefs'd Dejign luaf to take in all: Mine njoas only to take the prin- cipal, or at 7nany as might fufjice to give the Reader a full and diJIinB idea honv this matter had flood, nuith the learned Moderns, for 80 years laft pa ft, Ho-ojever, I mujl ingcnuouf- ly oivn, that Some nvere omitted purely hecaufe at That Time I had not met iiithlhem: Qthervsife Ruelius of the year 16 j^, ijho has fpent above lo Pages, in ^to, particularly upon the fubjeFl (ConciL Tom. i. p. 6j6. to p. Cyo) had certainly me^ ritfd a place in my Table of Moderns. Keverthelefs there is jcarce. an obfervation of any moment, or fo much as a Thought in

all

The PREFACE.

all his Pages, hut ivhat may he found, niith improvements, among Ihofe "whom I ha^ve mentiofi'J: ivhich, I leheue, ^iJl proue e« malh true of any other ^hom I have not taken into my Ltjl,

ihere may he Omiffions of another kind, 'vchich really render the ^ojork in fome meafure defedlive, and 'which I could not help. There are mdouhtedly federal ufeful materials, conceAcd in Libra- ries, nvhich, could I have come to the kno'wledge of them, might have contrihuted to the perfeciion of the follonving Treatije. I ^ould have 'waited fome Time longer for Things of Ihat kind, hut that I thought^ the furejl and the Jhortefl "way to draw out thofe hidden Stores y ivas frfl to jho^w hy This, as by a Specimen, of nxjhat ufe They may really he 'when brought to Light, And no^w I fiall he very glad if '■what hath been here done may hut prove an ufeful Introdu&ion to more, and larger Tifcoverief upon the' fame SuhjeB. If Any thing coiifiderahle flill remains, either in frivate Hands, or fuhlick Repofitories j Any thing that may he ferviceahle to clear up fome dark Part, or to correU any Miltnke, or to confirm and illuflrate any important Truth re- lating to the SuhjeB j I /ball be very thankful to the P erf on that fiall oblige either Me v:ith private notice of it, or the Publick voith ne'w Improvemefits^on This Head,

Cambridge. Magd. Coli, *)^ob. 25-, ■ 1713,

ERRATA

Fjgo. 6. 9-

IX.

39.

44.

87-

1 09.

164. .

Index •

Line

4- 14.

10.

8. .

'3-

3.. - 36. . 3J-

37- ult. ■

9. .

For 704.

Vlth.

AdclbcrtU5. N.

confiJtniJy averr'd dccauratum. defcribentur. Bcilario. negitcc. 104.

coniente. Riculphius. Julianus. i6S-

Read 705.

Vth.

Adalbertus. N. xjjp. faid

deauratum. dcfcribantur. Bullario. negata. 124. content. Riculphus. . 72.

CRITICAL HISTORY

O F T H E

ATHANASIAN CREED

THE

INTRODUCTION

SHEWING

The T>efign and Vfe of this Treati/e : with the Method and Partition of it.

Y Defign is, to inquire into the Age, An- thor, and rW/^^ of that Celebrated Confeffion, which goes under the Name of The Atha- nafian Creed. The geneml Approbation it hath ^long met with in the Chriftian Churches, and the fmicuUr Regard which

hath been, early and late, paid to it in our

Oivn, ('while it makes a part of our Liturgy, and itands recom- mended to us in owM Articles) will, I doubt not, be Confidera^ tions fufficient to juftify an Undertaking of this kind : Provided only, that the Performance be anfwerable, and that it fall not fhort of its Principal Aim, or of the juft Expedations of the ingenuous, and candid Readers. No one will exped more of me than my prefent Materials, fuch as I could procure, will furnifh mc with 5 nor any greater certainty in an Eflay of this nature, than Things of this kind will admit of. If a rcafona-

A We

Tloe INTRODUCTION.

blc Diligence has been ufcd in colle^i'mg^ and due pains in M- a^efti/i^y and a religious Care in building thereupon (more than which I pretend not to; it may, 1 hope, be ilifficient with nil equitable judges.

Maiiy learned and valuable Men have becji before employed in the fame Deiign : But their Treatttes arc moltly in LMtn, and Ibme of them very fcarce, and hard to come at. I know not that any one has hitherto attempted a jult Treatife upon the Subjetl in our own Language, however ufeful it might be to the EngUpj Readers ; and the more fo at This time when the Controverfy about the Tri'aity is now fpread abroad among nil Ranks and Degrees of Men with us, and the Athiin;iji^n Creed become the Subject of common, and ordinary Conver- fation. For thefe Reafons, I prefumed, an Englijh Treatife might be moft proper and feafonable : Tho' othcrwife, to avoid the unfeemly mixture of E?iglijhj and Z/z/w f which will here be ncceflary) and becaufe of fome parts which none but the Le/imed can tolerably judge of; it might be thought more proper rather to have written a Latin Treatife, and for the ufe only of Scholars. However, there will be nothing very mate- rial but what an Englifb Reader may competently underftand : And I Ihall endeavor to lay before Him all that has been hi- therto ufefuUy obferved, or difcover'd upon the Subjecl, that He may want nothing which may be conceiv'dof any moment for the inabllng Him to form a true judgment. What I bor- row from Others Ihall be fairly acknowledged as I go along, and reterr'd to it s proper Author, or Authors; it being as much my Defign to give an Hifiorica^l Account of what others have done, as it is to fupply what They have left undone, fo far as my prelent materials, leifure, and opportunities may inable me to do it. Now, to prefent the Reader with a Sketch of my Defign, and'to fhow Him how one part is to hang upon another, my method will be as follows.

I. Firft, in order to give the clearer Ide;i of what hath been already done, and of what may be ftill wanting, I begin with recounting the feveral Conjcdurcs, or Difcovcries of the Leartied Moderns^

2. Next

rhe INTRODUCTION.

II. Next, to enter upon the matter it Sdf, and the Evidence proper to it, I proceed to lay down the dired Tefiimonies of the Antients concerning the Age ^ Author , and Vdue of This

Creed.

III. To thcfe I fubjoin an Account of the antient Comments upon the fame Creed, being but another kind of A-aciem Te-

jfimonies.

IV. After Thefe follows a brief recital of the moft antient, or otherwife moft confidcrable, M^nufcripts of This Creed, which I have either feen my felf, or have had notice of from. Others. This part, I fear, will be in fome meafure imperfcd^ for want of a fuller fearch into the many Excellent Libraries we have in England -•> tho' I have fpcnt fome pains in fearches t)f that kind, and have been obliged to the kind offices of FxieiTds in fearching for me.

V. Next to the uMa?mfcripts of the Creed it felf, I fhail in- quire alfo into the antient Verfiom of it, printed, or manu- fcript j which will be alfo very ferviceable to ourmain De%n„

VI. I come in the next place to treat of the antient Reception- of this Creed, or Formulary, in the Chriftian Churches 5 as being a Point of great moment, and what may be more certm?dy determin'd than the Time of its Compofition, and may give great Light into it.

VII. Thefe preliminaries fettled, to introduce to what follows , I then fall direftly to the darkeft part of all; namely to the

^Inquiry after xhcAge, ^nd Author of the Creed: which I difpatch in Two diftind Chapters.

VIII. Next, I lay before the learned Reader the Creed it felf in its Original Language, with the mod conliderable various Le- ciions ; together with felecl Palfages from antient Writers, either parallel to Thofe of the Creed, or explanatory of it. And left the Englifr? Reader- fhould appear to be negleded, I fubjoin the Creed in Englifl with a running Englifh Commentary, ferving much the fame purpofe with what is intended by the Latin Qtiotations going before.

IX. I conclude all with a Brief Vindication of our own Church in receiving, and ftill retaining This excellent Formu-

A 2 lary

4 The OPINIONS of

lary of the Chriiliaii Faith ; cinfwcring the mofl: materia Ob- jeclions which have been made againft us, on that Account ;. and fhcwing the Expediency, and even NcceHlty of retaining. This Form, or fomething equivalent , for the prefcrvation of the ChnlHan Faith againfl: Herefics. The Reader^ I hope, will cxcufe it, if in compUance with Ciiftom, and to fave my fclf the Trouble of Circumlocution, 1 commonly fpeak of it under the Name of the Athdnnfidn Creeds not deligning thereby to intimate, either that it is a Creed ftrictly and properly fo called* or that it is of Athanafiuss compofi ng : Both which points will be difcufs'd in the Sequel.

CHAP. I.

The Opinions of the learned Moderns concerning the Atha^

nafian Creed,

A. D. T N reciting the Opinions of the learned Moderns, I need T642 \ go no higher than Gerard VoJJius: who in his Treatife de Tribus Symholis^ publifh'd in the Year 1 642 , led the way ta a more ftrid and critical Iniquity concerning This Creed than had been before attempted. The Writers before. Him, moft of Them, took it for granted that The Creed was Atha?i;ijius\, without troubling Themfclvcs with any very particular Inquiry into it: And Thofe few who doubted of it, or afcribed it to Another, yet enter'd not clofely into the merits of the Caufc, but went upon loofe Conjedures rather than upon any julf Rules of true and folid Criticiim. It will be fufficient there- fore to begin our Accounts from VoJJitis^ who, fuice the Time of his writing, has been ever principally mention'd, and chiefly quoted, by as many as have written upon the Subjed, as being the firft and moft confiderable Man that has enter'd deep into It, and treated ot it like a C ritick. He endcavour'd to lift the matter thoroughly, as far as He was well able to ^^d from Trrated Books : As to Aianufcripts He cither wanted leifure, or oppor- tunity tp fcp-tch for Them. The Refult of his Inquiries con- cluded in the following particulars, Ibmc of them dubioufly.

all.

7he LEARNED MODERNS. j

all of them modeftly ofFer'd, or propofed by Him. i. That the Athmidfim Creed is not Athmafim's. 2. That it was o- riginaily a Lutin Compofure, and of a Lmn Author or Au- thors. 3. That it was made in the 8th or 9th Century, in the. Time of P^//% orofcW/^j the GreM-^ and probably by fome. French Divine. 4. That the firft Time it was produced, under the Name, of Athmafius, at leaft, with any Aflurance and Con- fidence of it being liis, was in the Year 1233, when Pope Gre- gory the IXth's Legates pleaded it at Conftantinople in favor of the rrocejjion againft the Greeks. 5. That it fcarce ever ob- taind in any of the Chriftian Churches before the Year 1000, How far Voffius was miftaken in his Accounts, will appear in the Sequel. Thus far mud be allow'd Him, that He. managed the Argument with great Learning and Judgment, made a good ufe of fuch Materials as He was poflefs'd of 5 and tho' He was not very happy in determining the Age of the Creed;, or the Time of its Reception, yet He produced fo many, and fuch cogent Arguments againft the Creed's being originally Greek, or being made by Athanafius, that they could never be anfwer'd.

The learned Fetuvius, who in the Year 1622 (when He j^^^^ publiih'd Epiphmms) had fallen in with the Common Opinion of This Creed's being Athmafmss, did yet afterward in his Treatife of the Trhiity, publifh'd in the Year 1 644, fpeak more doubtfully of it 5 in the mean while pofitive. that it was writ- ten in Latin, *

The next confiderable Man, and who may be juftly called a ^^^^ :Pirfi Writer in this Argu'ment, as well as Vojjius, was our learned V^er. He had a good Acquaintance with Libraries, and Mar nufcripts 5 and was able from Thofe Stores to produce new E: vidences which Voffius knew not of. In the Year 1647, He printed his La>tin Trad de Symbolis, with a prefatory Epiftle to Voffius. He there appeals to the Teftimonies of RMram oiCorhey, and ^nem Biihop oi P^is, neither of them at That Time made publick, as alfo to Hincmars of Rheims (which had been publilh'd but had efcaped Vojfmss obfervation) to prove that This Creed had been confidently cited under the Name of Athmftfrns almoO:

a Petavius de Trin. 1. 7. c. 8. p. 391.

400

6 7he OPINIONS of

400 Years before the Time of Pope Gregorys Legates, the Time let by VoJJms. And further, by Two Manufcripts found in the Cotton Library, He thought He might carry up the Antiquity of the Creed to the Year 704, or even to 600. In fhort, He fcruplcd not to fet the Date of it above tiie Year 447 : For He fiippofes a Council of Spurn, held in that Year, to have been acquainted with it, and to have borrov/ed the Filioque from it.' Thus far He, without any more particular determination a- bout either the ^ge, or the Author.

1647 About the fame Time Dr. Jerewy Taylor {^ftcrwtiTds Bifhopof i)o->i9^ and Comtor') publifh'd his Liberty of Prophefywg^ wherein He expreilcs his Doubts whether the Creed be juftly afcribedto Athanafim. But as He had never feen Ufbers's Treatife, nor ihdccd Foffius's, nor, was at that Time furnilh'd with any proper Afliftanccs to inable Him to make any accurate Inquiries into This matter 5 it may fuffice juft to have mention'd Him, in re- gard to the defcrvcd Name He has fuice born in the Learned World.

1659 Leo AlUtiiiSj about This Year, Y'^-m\.cd\\\s Synt/igm^^de Symboio S. Athannjli ; which no Doubt mufl: be a very ufeful Piece, efpe- cially in relation to the Sentiments oi \\\z Greek Churches, and the Reception of this Creed amongft them : But I have never feen itj only I learn from Tentzeliiis (who yet could' never get a fight of it^ and La,hric'ms, that fuch a Piece was written by AlUt'ms in Moder?i Greek; in 12°. publilh'd at Ro7»c in 1658, or t65 9. It appears to be very fcarce, fince none of the Learned who have fince written upon This Creed have either referr'd to it, or given Extrafts out of it, fo £u- as I have obferved : excepting only fomething of that kind at Rome, A.D. 1667, by The Congregation for propagating the Faith}'

i66x Cardinal Bo7m, fome Years after, in his Book de Bivina Vfal- modia, mak'es frequent mention of This Creed, touches but (lightly upon the Qiicftion about its Age or Author, takes fome

a I7//er: dt S^m(>clij, p. 24. N. B. Uftjer went upon the fuppofition thit the Words, • p»ire, filiac]i*e frocttJrns, were genuine; and not foifted into the CcnfJJlon of That Council; as They noxv appear to have bccn^ after a more careful view of the MSS. of bcft Kote. and g^reati-ft Antiquity. '

b F/J. Tcntzel. judic. 6;c,p. 147. "^

curfoty

7he LEARNED MODERNS, y

ew-trory notice of what Fo//m had faid, but neverthelefs af^ribes it to Athm^^jhiSy as being compofed by Him while in the Wcflern parts, Tefie B^ronio j relting his Faith upon B^rom- us, iJS his Vouclier. '

Our very Learned Bilhop Pearf on mKis Exfofition of the Creed, 1669 occafionally deUvers his Opinion, that the Athanfifmn Creed was written in Lmin, and by fomc Member of the LMm Church.''

Our next Man of Eminent Charader is Pafch^fms ^efnel, 167$ a celebrated French Divine. In the Year 1675, He publilh'd his famous Edition of Pope Leos Works, with feveral very valu- able DiffertMions of his own. His XlVth contains, among other matters, a particular Inquiry about the Author of this Creed. He afcribes it to Vigilius Tapfenfis,x\\Q, African"^-, and fo well de- fends his Pofition that He has almoft drawn the Learned World after Him. He is look'd upon as the Father of that Opinion, be- caufe He has fo learnedly and handfomly fupported it : But He is not the iirft that efpoufcd it. For LMe, about i 5 Years before, had taken notice of Some that had afcribed This Creed to VigiliuSy at the fame Time iignifying his Dillent from Them ^

The Year after ^efnel, SandiuSy the famous Ar'mn, printed 1(575 a Second Edition of his Nucleus ^c. \j'\.th. 2i\\ Appendix : Where- in He corrects his former Judgment "^ of This Creed, taken im- plicitely from P\ffius 5 and allows, nay contends and infifts upon it, that This Creed was not only known, but known under the Name oi AthanfifmSy as high at leaft as the Year 770^. He afcribes it bpon Conjedure to onb Athanafius, Bifhop of Spire in Germany^ who died in the Year 642.

I ought not to pafs over our very learned O^^u-or/^, tho* He ,^ g has entred very little into the point before us. He gives his judg- ment, in paiTnig, of the Creed commonly called Athanafian-, that it was -written a long time after Athanafius by fome other Hand. §

a Bona de Divina Pfalmod. Cap. 16. Se£t« 18. p. 864.

b Vearfon on the Creed. Artici 8. p. 314. ed. 3.

c Qaefncl. DifTert. XIV. p. 729. &c.

d Labbaei Diflert. de Script, Ecclef. Tom. i. p. 477.

e Vid. Sandii Nucl. Hiftor. Ecclef. p. 256.

f Sandii Append, p. 3j-.

g Cudworth Intelled. Syft. p. 6%o.

Henrkm

S The OPINIONS of

r68o Henricus Hcideggerus is a Writer whom I have not feen, but find mention'd with particular rcfpect by Cdfim: Oudin j upon whofe credit, I here take notice of hispubUfhing at Zurich Come Sclecl J)iJ]crt^%tio?iSy and his al'cribing this Creed to Vigilius Tap- fenfis^ in his XVllIth DilTcrtation. Tom. 2. T^8i Wolfga,ngGtmdling^ a German writer, the Year after puWifh'd a ihull Trad, containing Notes upon a Httlc Piece relating to tJie Religion of the Creek Churches, written by Euftratim Jo~ hannides Zidoivski. What is chiefly valuable in Cimdling, is his Account of the Greek Copies of this Creed ; ( printed ones 1 mean) giving us fix of them together. He occafionally expreflcs liis Doubts whether the Creed be Atha.nafiH$\yO\: of ibmc later Writer/ 1 683 i may next mention our celebrated Eccleftaftical Hiftorian, Dr. Cm.'e, who about this Time publilli'd his Lives of the Fathers, and particularly oi Ath/inajim. His account of This Creed is, that it ^v/ls never heard of in the World till above 600 years after Atha- nafius vas dead-^ hut barely mention d then, and not urged -ivith a-ny tonfidence till above 200 years after, when the Legates ofPopeQio.- gory the IXth produced and pleaded it at Conflanti?iopLe}' The learned Doctor, it is plain, took this Account from rb//^//^^, and had never feen ZTfljers Treatife j which one may juftly wonder at. Five years after, in his Hiftoria Liter aria, He allows that This Creed had been fpoken of by Theodulphus, which was within 436 years of Athanaftus: But not a Word yet of any elder Teftimony, or Manufcript, tho' Both had been difcovered, and publickly taken notice of, before This Time. He ftill contends that the Creed obtain'd not ni the Chriftian Churches before the ^'ear 1000, nor became famous every where before 12335 but inclines never- thclefs to aicribe it to Vigilius Tapferifts, who flourifhed about the Year 484.'-' :(6 84 Dodor Comber, in his Book intituled, A Comp^vnion to the Temple, clofes in with the old Tradition of the Creed being

a Gundl'ingW notse in Ruftratii Johannidis Zialowski Dclincationcm Ecclcfix Grzcx.p. •68. &c.

b Cave: l»/<r of Athannfim. Sc£l. VI. Art. lo. X Cave. Hiftor. Litcrar. Vol. I. p. I46. J71.

Atha-

Ihe LE/JRNED MODERNS. ^

Arhan^fiuss', repeating the moft eonfiderable Arguments ufually pleaded for that Perlwafion.*

To Him I may Subjoin Bilhop ^^i^m^^, who perhaps about 1684 This Time might write his Thoughts on the Creed, in his Bxpofitton of our Articles, pubhlh'd after his Death. He was fo diligent and knowing a Man, that had He been to confidei This matter in his Uter years. He would certainly have given a more particular and accurate Account than that which now appears. He afcribes the Creed to Athemafms, but with fome diffidence J and thinks it might have been originally a Greek Compofition, but that the old Greek Copies have been loft, and that the only remaining ones are Verfiom from the Latin.''

C^ib^JJ'miiiSj in his Notitia Ecclefmjlic^, hath a Ihort Diflerta- j 5 3 < tion about the Author of This Creed.= He contents Himfelf w4th repeating .^efneVs Arguments, to prove that Athan^fita was not the Author of it, determining nothing farther, lave only that it was originally a Lutm Compofure, known ano^ cited by the Council of Autun about the Year 670.

The celebrated Dnpin^ in his Ecclefidftical Hijlory, fumms up i^s- the reafons ufually urged to prove that the Creed \s none of AthannfmsSj and aflents to them. He determines with confi- dence that it was originally a Ldtin compofition, and not known till the Vlth Century j repeats Father J^efnel's reafons for afcribing it to VigilmsTapfenfis, and acquiefccs in them, as ha- ving nothing more certain in this matter.'^

About the fame Time Te/^tzelm, a learned Luther/inj pub- \6^y iifh'd a little Treatife up\5n the Subject j^ fetting forth the feveral Opinions of Learned Men concerning This Creed. He is very full and accurate in his CoUedion, omitting nothing of moment that had been faid before Him by any of the learned Modcrnsy but bringing in fome further materials, from his own fearches, to add new Light to the Subjed. He determines nothing 5 but

a Comber Companion to the Temple p. 144. b Beveridi2e on the ^th Article, p. 162. e CabafTutii Notit. Ecclef. Diflert. 19, p. 5-4. d Dupin Ecclef. Hiftor. Vol. ll. p. ^j-.

e Ernefll Temzelii judicia Eruditorum De Symb. Athanaf. ftudiofecolkaa. Goth£.Ano D. 1687. ^

B leaves

10 7he OPINIONS of

leaves it to the Reader to make a Judgment :is He fees cauCc from a full view of the Pleadings.

16 8 8 I may plaee iiere the learned P^g^j \\ ho in his Critick upon Baro- wW palles his judgment of This Creed: 'v/hieh being the fame with J^.cjners, and little more than Repetition from Him, I need not, be more particular about Him.

1690 H;i;}iond L'Ejlrange, in his Alli;ince of T>ivine Off.ces, falls in with the now current Opinion j ^ that The Creed is not AthmafiusSy nor later than the Vlth Century.

1 693 Jf^fiph Anthelmiy a learned Paris Divine, firfl: began dircdly to attack ,^efnel\ Opinion 5 and to fap the reafons on which it was founded. He publilh'd a particular Bijjertation to That pur- pofe,'^^ of which I have feen feveral, and pretty large Extrads, but could never yet get the Book it felf however defirous of it, or hov/ever ferviccable it migiit be to my Defign. He afcribes the Creed to Fmcentius LirinenfiSj who flourilh'd in the Year 43 4-

The famous Tillemont wrote after Anthelmius^ for He makes mention of his Treatife, and examines his Hypothcfis : And yet it could not be long after? for He died in the Year 1697. He commends Mr. Anthdmts performance as a confiderablc Work ; but inclines ftill rather to ^efnel's Opinion. All that He pronounces certai?iy is, that the Creed is none of Athana- Jiuss, but yet as old as the Jixth Century, or older.^

(698 ^'^ ^^^^ ^'*^^^ 1698, AIo?itfau,con publiih'd his new and accurate Edition of Athan/ifms's Works. In the fecond Tbw^, He has an Excellent Dillertation upon This Creed; the bell that is extant, either for on^er and method ^ or for Plenty of ufeful Matter. The Sum of his Judgment is, that the Creed is certainly none of Athanajiiiss, nor yet Vigiims Tdpfe-fifiss, nor fufficiently proved to belong to Vince?2tius Lirinenjis j but probably enough compos'd about the Time of Vincent'mSy and by a Callicn?^ A\^riter or Writers.-

a figi- Critic, in Baron. An. ^40. n. tf . p. 44.0,

b L'Eftnngc Alliance rf Divine Offices- Ch. 4. p. 99.

c Jofephi ^nthelmii Dilqiiilitio de Symbolo Athana'liano. Vitrif. i6y;. Svo.

d Tillemont. Mcmoircs. Tom. 8- p. 667.

c Syti)boliim j^ucimiue Athanalio iucunftantcr abjudicandun> arbitramur —

1695

In

The LEARNED MODERNS, ii

In the fame year, Ludovic: Antonius Muratorms^ an Italmn^ 169S Writer, publilh'd a fecond Tome of Anecdotii out of the Am^ hrofim Library at Milm. Among other Manufcripts there, He had met with an Antient Comment upon This Creed, afcribed to Venmtim FortunMus, who w^as Bifhop of PoicJiers in Frmce in the Vlth Century. He pubUllies the Comment, together with a DiJJertMton of his own concerning the Author of the Creed : concUiding, at length, that Venmtius Vortunatus^ the certain Au- thor of the Commenty might pollibly be Author of the Creed too. He entirely rejeds the opinion of Thofc that would afcribc it to Athmafius, and difapproves of ^efneH perfwafion about Vigilius Taffenfis; but fpeaks favourably of Anthelmis, as com- ing neareft to the Truth.*

Fabricms, in his Bihliotheca Grdca,'' (highly valued by all Men lyiz of Letters) gives a Summary Account of the Sentiments of the Learned relating to This Creed. His Conclufion from all is, that thus far may be depended on as certain ; that the Creed was not compofed by AthanaJiuSj but long after in the Vth Century, wrote originally in LMin, and afterwards tranflated into Greek.

In the fame year, the learned Le ^ien publilh'd a new E- 171^ dition of Dam^fcen, with previous Dijjertations to it. In the firft of thefe, He has feveral very confiderable Remarks, concern- ing the Age, and Author of the Athdrmfmn Creed. He appears inclinable to afcribe it to Pope Anaftajius I, (who entred upon the Pontificate in the year 398) becaufe of fome antient Te- ftimonies, as well as Manufcripts, carrying the Name of Anafla- fius in the Title of the Creed: But He is pofitive that the Creed muft be fet as high as the Age of St. Aujlin, Vincentim,^ and Vigilius!^ And, as y^;^^/?^/;^/^^ before had made light of the fuppo-

Afro itaque Vigdlo nihil ell quod fymbolum ^icmque tribuatiin — — — "on aegrc quidem conceirerim Vtncentit &tnte editam tuifle illam Fidei profclTionem. - Hand ab': re conjeaant Viri erudit'i in GdWn illud {fymbolum) fuilTe elucubratum. Mor^tf. Diatrib.

P- I'i-l- ...

a Hzc & fimilia pluribus pertradlavit cruditilTimus ^nthe^minu cuius opinicm, quo- rumnam eruditorum iufFragia acceflerint, me penitus fugit : Fatcor tamen ad ventatem omnium maxime illam accedere. Murator. Tom. 2. p. 212.

b Fabricii Biblioth. Gr3eca> Vol. V. p. 5 if. , .

c Omnino fateri cogor Auguftini, Vincentii, 8c Vig'di't aetate cxtitiOe expofitioncm lati- aam Fjdei, qus poilmodum Athmctfio Magna attribui meruerit. Le ^iien Difllrc i.p 9.

B 2 m\oi\

:t The 0 P I H JONS cf

fition that the internal Ch^iraUcn of the Creed Ihow it to be later then Eufi^cljes ; He makes as light of the other fuppolltion of the rntcmd chnr^.clcrs lettiiig it later than Ncftoritts.

<-i4. Nutiilis Jllcxandcrs new Edition of his EccUjmjtical Hiftory^ bears Date A. D 1714. He had cxaniin'd into our prelent QiielUon Ibme years before (about 1676 when his firft Edition came abro.\d) lubfcribing to the Opinion of J^cfnel: And He does not appear to have altcr'd his mind fmce. He takes notice of Anthelmi\ Opinion, and fpeaks rcfpedfully of it., as alfo of the Author 5 but prefers the other Hypotheiis. "^

2715 I ought not here to omit the very worthy and learned Mr. Bi/igham, to whom the Public k is lb highly indebted for his Origiiics Ecclefmfiicd, colleded with great Judgment, and digeft- ed into a clear Method. He had a proper OccaP.on to fay fomcthing of the Athanafmn Creed, in palling, and very briefly. He obferves, that it was not compofed by Athmnfius, but by a later and ^a Ldtm writer j and particularly Vigilius Tapfenfis; re- ferring to fuch learned Moderns as I have above mention'd, for the proof of itj and giving no more than ihort Hints of their reafons.''

T-Tvi^ The learned Dr. Clarke pf St. James s, in his fecond Edition of his Scripture Doctrine,^ gives us his laft Thoughts in relation to This Creed. Referring to Dr. Cmje, He informs us, that This Creed -ivas 7iever feen till about the year Soo, ?^ear 400 years after the Death of Athanafms (They are his own words) nor 'was received i)i the Church till fo very late as about the year 1000. Yet Dr. Cave does not fay, -was never feen (for HcHim- fclf afcribes it to Vigilius Tapfenfis of the 5 th Century) but only that it was not quoted before the year 800, or nearly ; which yet is a very great miftake. What the learned Do<n:or intended by faying about the year 800, and yet only near /^oo-. years after the Death of Athanafms^ or, as He elfewhere'^ cxprelles it, .above 3 00 years after the death of Athanafius^ I do not under-

1 Natal. Alcxand. Eccl. Hift. Tom. IV. p. 1 1 1.

b Bingham's Antiquities of the Chnfiian Church. Vol. IV. p. II 8. &C» z Clarke's 5cf//i/. Docir» p. 379 id. Ed. • d Clarke's Scrip, Doclr. p. .447. ift. Ed. '

The LEARNED MODERNS. ^ |.

Hand ; but muft leave to Thofe that can compute the Di- ftance between 37.5 (the lateft year that Athmtafms is ever fuppofed to have hved) and the year 800. I am periwaded, the Dodor was thinking, that if Athanafms had lived to the year 400, then theDiftance had been juft 400 years 5 but as he died 27 years before, the Diftance muft be fo^ much the lefsy when it is quite the co^^trary.

The laft Man that has given his Sentiments in relation to This 1,722 Creed, is Cajimirus Oudinus, in his new Edition of his Supplement ( now called a Comment ply j) to the Ecclefinftkd Writers. I need, fay no more than that He does not feem to have fpent much pains in re-examining this Subjed, but refts content with his firft Thoughts J afgribing the Creed, with ^efnel, to Vigilius- Tap^ fenfis. *

Thefe are the principal JHodems that have fallen within my Notice : And of thefe, the nioft confiderable are VoJJius, Ujher, ^efnely TentzelmSy Anthelmms, Tillemmty Mountfducon, Mum- tortus, and Le ^ien ; as having particularly ftudied the Sub= jed, and ftruck new Light into it, either furnifhing frefh mate- rids 5 or improving the old by new Obfervations* Some perhaps may wiHi to have the feveral Opinions of the Mo- derns thrown into a narrower Compafs : For which reafon I . have thought it not improper to fubjoin the following Tdle, which will reprefent all in one view, for the eafe and conve= niency of every common Reader.

^ F/V, Oudin Commcntar. de Sdtptor. Eccl. Vol, i ". p. 345*, 1 448. 1 3 laL

A Dnl

14

The OPINIOl^S of, &c.

A.D.I Writers | Author of the I whit O-ntury I What Year I When recicv'd. I ( Cieed. j compof.d in | compofed. |

164,2! VofTius

I A Latin Autho!|

jnot IJcfore 6oo^\ A D. 1000

i644|Pctavius

I Ooubtiul

1047I hi/lHi> U flier	1 1	Vih		1	Before 447 |	Before 8f 1
1647I Bi/ljop T»yIor	not AthaHJifins |			!	i
l6f9|Lco Allatius	1 1			1	1
l66x\^ar^l. Bona	ithanaftus AUx. \	iVrh		1	340 j
166^1 BipJp Pcarfon	1 \ Latin Author j			1	1
i67jjl'archa(.Quefnel	I'igtltHi 'lapjenpi 1	Vth		1	484 t	Before 670
1676I Sandius	j Athanifi- of Spire (	Vllth		I	Before 641 (	Before 770
ifiy'^IOr Ciidvvorth	1 '.w Arh^mftus \	\tter the IVib |	1
1680 (Heideggcrus	\i^'gil:tti Tapfenfii |	Vih		1	+84 1
i68il\V/jif Giin>'.liniJ	j')oubrful 1			1	1
l6S;| ''I Cive	1 'yijiLtfi T.%pltnfts 1	Vth			4S4 1	loco
i 6'^4\ )r Comber	\Athanafius A!ex\	I Vth			iV> 1
i6b^p77^)p Be.Cii.lp;(.	J d h^mjita Ale:<..\	iVrh			1	Befbre 8fO
i68'|Cabanutius	j A Latin Author j				1	Before 670
i687ln)upin	\Vtgil$us Tapfenfii \ 1 )oubtfiil 1	Vth			1 484 1
i68-|Tentzeii.is
i6t 1 'h^i	\"igUiui iupenp^ j	Vth
l69f| lini. L'iOrane	'( 1 lot Athanajiut |				j Before 600
160^1 A-rhelmiMS	1 VtnrentiuiLtrinen^	V(h			1 Before 4fo
i69f|T)llcmonr	[nor A'hanafiti-'	VIrh	or	ibonf	r
l69S|Montfaucon	1 A Galilean writci s \Vfnant.Fo>-tunatii. 1 A Latin Author	Vth				Before 670
i699|Ant. Muratoriu	VIrh			1 ^70	I 800
i7ii|Fabricius	Vth				I 66^
17 1 i|Le (^uicn	\ AnaJia/iHS i.	I Vth,	or	Vth	1 Bcture 401
1714! Natal; Alcxanc	C)\l'^igilius Tapfenfis	1 Vth			1 4S4
171 j-j vlr bingham	1 '.'igiliHi 1 ap/enjii	Vth				1 670
i7i()|nr Clarke	|noubrfil	|VII.h.	or	Vlllr		1 looo
jyialOudio	\l^igiliui Tapfenfis	1 Vih			I 484

a According to VoCCius'sln/l Thoughts, in a pofihiimous Work: Nequc ante Gcntefimum, tufc oftendimus in libro dc Symbolis. Vojf. Harm. Evang.N/. 1.

annum fuiflc Scx- c. 13. p.xif.

CHAP.

CHAP. II.

Antient Tejiimonies.

HAVING taken a view of the Modems^ in relation to the Creed, we may now enter upon a Detail of the Antient s, and their Tefiimonies , by which the Moderns muft be tried. My Defign is to lay before the Reader all the Origind Evidence I can meet with, to give any Light either into the Age, or Au- thor of the Creed, or its Reception in the Chriftian Churches ; that fo the Reader may be able to judge for Himfelf concern- ing the Three particulars now mention'd, which are what I con- ftantly bear in my Eye, producing nothing but with a view to one, or more of them.

Antient Tefiimonies have been pretended from Gregory Nazian- z^eny Gaudentius Brixienfis^, St. Auftin^ and ifidorus Hifpdlenfis, of the 4th, 5 th, and 6th Centuries. But they have been fince generally, and juftly exploded by the Learned, as being either Spurious, ox. foreign to the Point ; and therefore I conceive it very needlefs to take any further notice of them. As to ^.otations from our Creed, or Comments upon it, falling within the com- pafs of the Centuries now mention'd j if there be any fuch,Thcy Ihall be confider'd under other Heads, diftind from That oi An- tient Tefiimonies, properly fo called, to be treated of in This Ckflpter. \,

The old eft of this kind, hitherto difcovered, or obferved, is 570 That of the Council of Autun in Trance, under Leodegarius, or St. Leger, the Bilhop of the Place in the Vllth Century. There is fomc Difpute about the year when the Council was held, whe- ther in 661, or 666, or 670. The laft is moft probable, and moft generally embraced by learned Men. The words of this Council, in Efigliflj run thus : " If any Presbyter, Deacon, Suhdeacon,

a Si quis Presbyter, Diaconus, Subdiaconus, vel Clericus Symbclum quod Sando in- fpirante Spiritu Apoftoli tradideriint, Sc Fidem SanHi Athanafii PrAfults irreprehenfibiliter non reccnfuerit } ab Epiicopo coadcmnctiir. Aninfiodun. SmoJ. Harduin. Tam. 3. p.

or

>c ANTIENT TESTIMONIES.

" or Cierk, doth not unreprovably recite the Creed which the

" ApojHes dclivcr'd by hilpiratioii of rhc Holy-Ghoft, and alio

^'^ The Ffiith of ihe holy VrcUte Athati^-^jms, kt Him be ccnfurcd

*' by the Dilhop."-' By The Faith of Ath;inajius is here meant what

wc now call the Jthanajia/i Creed j as may be reafonably pleaded

from the Titles \\'hich This Creed bore in the earlier Times,

before it came to have the name of a Creed: which Titles fhall

be exhibited both from Manufcripts, and written evidences

in the Sequel. Yet it mull: not be dillembled that Pafebrochitss,

a learned Man, and whom I find cited with Approbation by

Mur^itoriuSj is of opinion that the /W//? o/'y^//?;?;;^^;, here men-

rion'd, means the Nicene Creed, which Atha^nnfius had fome Hand

in, and whereof He was the great Defender. I can by no means

come into his Opinion, or allow any force to his reafonings. He

asks ; why Ihould the Nicene Creed be omitted, and noc men-

tion'd with the Apojlles) And why Ihould the Ath^najianj not

then ufed in the Sacred Offices, be recommended fo carefully,

without a word of the Nicene? I anfwer, becaufe it does not

appear that the Nicene Creed was fo much taken notice of at That

Time in the Gallican Churches, while the ApjlolicM, or Roman

Creed, made ufe of in ]japtilm, in the Wejlern Churches, in-

ftead of the Nicene ( which prevailed in the Ea^) in a manner

fuperfeded it: Which no one can wonder at who confiders how

prevailing and univerfal the Tradition had been in the Latin

Church, down from the 5th Century at lead, that the ^/o/?^//-

cal Creed was compofed by the i 2 Apoftles, and therefore as

jfacred, and of as great Authority as the infpired writings them-

felves. Befides that it appears from Hincmar, who will be cited

in his place, that it was no ftrange Thing, even fo low as his

Time, about 850, to recommend the Athanajia?^ Creed along

with the ApoJlleSy without a word of the Nicene. And why

a Atcjui, ut cruditiflTime adnotavit CI. P. Papebrochius, in Rcfponf. ad cxhibitionem Er- ror, par. 2. Art. 13. n. 3. verbis iliis FiJem S. Athanafii, niinimc Symbolum Athana- fianuw defignatur, fed quidem Nicanttm, in quo claborando plurimum infudaflTc Athana- Jinm verifimile eft. Etcnim cur Apojiolico Symbolo commcndato Kic<niJtm prxtermifil- fent Auguflodunenfes Patres? Cur Athanafiani Symholi, cujus tunc nullus erat ufus in fa- cris, cognitionem cxcgifTcnt, Nianumque nc uno quidem vcrbo commernoraficnt? Mu- r/nor. AnecdQt, Tom. 1. p. jij.

N Ihould

AKTIENT TESTIMONIES,

iliould it be thought any objedion againft the Athanfifii^n Creed, that it was not at That Time received into the Sacred Offices (fuppofmg it really was not, which may be queftion'd) when it is certain that the Nkene was not yet received into the SMred offices in Fmnce^ nor till many years after, about the Time of Pepm, or of Chiles the Grent ? There is therefore no Force at all in the Argument of Papebrochms : But there is this ftrong prejudice againft it, that the Title there given is a very common Title for the Athdniifmn Creed, and not for the Nicene. Nor would the Fathers of that Council have been fo extravagantly fond of the name of Athanafius, as to think it a greater Commendation of the Creed of Nice to call it after Him, than to call it the Nicene. There is then no reafonable Doubt to be made but that the Council of Autun, in the Camn, intended the Athanafmn- Creed-, as the beft Criticks, and the generality of the Learned have hitherto believed.

But there are other Objedions of real weight againft the E- vidence built upon This Camn. i. Oudin makes it a queftion whether there was ever any Council held under Leodega- rius, a Suffragan Bilhop under the Arch-Bifhop of LyoTis, having no Metropolitical Authority.* But it may fuffice, if the Coun- cil was held at Amun, while He was Bilhop of the place, a good reafon why He Ihould be particularly mention'd; efpe- cially confidering the worth and Fame of the Man : To lay nothing of the dignity of his See, which from the Time of Gregory the GreM, had been the Second, or next in dignity to the Metropolitical S^zo'i Lyons. Nor do I perceive any Force in Oudins objedion againft St. Leger\ holding a Diocefan Synod ('for a Provincial Synod is not pretended) tho' He was no Metropoli- tan. 2. A ftronger Objedion is, that the Cano-a we are con- cern'd with, cannot be proved to belong to the Council held under Leodegariiis. If is not found among the Ca?ions of that Council publiih'd by Sirmondus from the Manufcripts of the Library of the Church of Angers, but it is from another Colle- dion, out of the Library of the Monaftery of St. Bcnignus of Dijon, with This Title only 5 Canones Auguftodun^nfes : So that one

a Oudin. Comment. <Ie Script. Ecclef. Tom. i. p. 34S.

C can-

7<50

,8 ANTIENT TESTIMONIES.

cannot be certain whether it belongs to the Synod under St. Lenr^ ou to Ibmc other Synod of Autun much later. It muft be own'd that the Evidence can amount to no more than pro- bable prcfumption, or conjedurc. ^^'hercfore Dufm,^ Temz^e- Ifus, ^ Muratorius;; and Oudiu^ do not Icruplc to throw it afide as of too fufpeded credit to build any thing certain up- on : And even ^^freh exprelVcs fome diflatisfaclion about it 5 only, in rcfpcd to fome great Names, fuch as Sirnmidus^ Peter Le Lamde^ Godfr. HcrmdntiuSj &c. He is willing to ac- quiefcc in it. To whom we may add LMe^, Le Coint^j Cuba-Jjutius}^ Vagi} Tillemont^ Montfducon} Ta>hricim^ Harduin,^ and our learned Antiquary Mr. Bingham:-^ who all accept it as genuine, but upon probable perfwafion, rather than certain Convidlion. Nei- ther do I pretend to propofe it as clear and undoubted Evidence, but probable only, and fuch as will be much confirm'd by other Evidences to be mention'd hereafter.

Reginoj Abbot of Pro?H in Germany^ an Author of the pth, and loth Century, has, among other CoUeftions, fome Articles of In- quirjy fuppofed by Bduzius the Editor to be as old, or very near- ly, as the Age of Boniface Bifhop of Mentz,^ who died in the year 754. In thofe Articles, there isone tothispurpofe: "Whe- '' ther the Clergy have by Heart Athanafius s TraEi upon The Faith '■^ of the Trinity J beginning with, ivhofoever -will be faved^ &c. This Teftimony I may venture to place about 760, a Uttlc after the Death of Boniface.

a Dupin. Eccl. Hift. Vol, r> p. 3$. b Tentzel. Jiidic. Erud. p. 61. &c. c Murator. Anecdot. Ambrof. Tom, i. p. iij. d Cafim. Gudin. Vol. 1. p. 348. e Quefnel. DifTcrt. XI V. p. 731. f Labb. DifTcrt. de Script. Ecclef. Tom. i- p. 478. g Le Coint. Annal. Franc, ad Anno 663. n. ii. h Cabaflut. Notit Eccl. DifTcrt. 19. p. 5+. i Pagi Crit. in Baron. Ann. 340 n. 6. k Tillcmont Memoircs. Vol. 8. p. 668. 1 Montfauc. Diatrib. p. 720. m Fabric. Bibl. Graec. Vol. j-. p. 3 1 6. n Harduis. Concil. Tom. 3. p. I016. o Bingham, Origin. Eccl. Vol. 4. p. 1 10.

p Si Sermonem Athanafti Epifcopi de Tide SanHi TritiUat'is, cujus initium eft, ^mcun- Hueiult SdvHs ejfe. mcmoritcr tcncat. Rr^in. dc Difcipl. Ecc!en\l. 1.

The

AKTIENT TESTIMONIES. ,5)

The Council oi Frmkfirt, in Germany, in their 33ci Canon 794 give orders, that "The Cutholick Faith of the holy Trinity, and ^-^ Lord's Prayer, and Creed be fet forth and deUvered to all.'

Fojfftus ^ underftands the Canon of the Two Creeds Nicene and Apofiolical. But I know not why the Apojiolical, or Soman, Creed fliould be emphatically called Symbolmn Fidei, The Creed, in op- pofition to the Nicene 5 nor why the Nicene fhould not be called a Creed, as well as the other, after the ufual way. Befides, that Fides Catholica &cc. has been more peculiarly the Title of the Athanafian Creed : And it was no uncommon Thing, either before or after This Time, to recommend it in this manner to- gether with the Lords Prayer, and Apofiles Creed, jull as we find here. And nothing could be at that Time of greater fervice againft the Herefy of Felix and Elipandus (which occafion*d the calling of the Council) than the Athanafian Creed. For which reafons, till I fee better reafons to the contrary, I muft be oi opinion that the Council of Frankfort in their 3 3d Canon intend- ed the Athanafian Creed, which Charles the Great had a particular refped for, and had prefented in Form to Pope Adrian I. above 20 years before 5 as we fhall fee in Another Chapter.

Theodulphus, Bifhop oi Orleans in France, has aTreatile of the %q^ Holy-Ghoft, with a Preface to Charles the Great, written at a Time when the Difpute about the Proceffon began to make Difturbance. He brings feveral Teftimonies in favor of the Proceflion from the Son, out of Athanafms -, and, among others, a pretty large part of the Athanafian Creed, from the words. The Father is made of none &c. to. He therefore that nnll be faved mufi thus think of the Trinity,^ inclufive.

An Anonymous Writer of the fame Time, and in the fame Caufe, and direding himfelf to the fame Prince, makes the fame ufe of the Athanafan Creed, in the following words ; " St. Atha?mfms, in . the Expofition of the Catholick Faith, which "That great matter wrote Himfelf, and which the Univerfai

a Ut lides Catltolica SanBi Trinitatist & Oratio Dominica, atque Symbolnm TiJei omni- bus praedicetur, & tradatur. Concil. Francf. Can. ^j.

b VoflTius detribus Symb. Diflert. 3. c j-i. p. j-aS.

c Irem idem Pater a nulla efi facins &c. ufque ad J^« vuh ergo S^hus ejfe &c,

Theodulph. apud Sirmondum. Oper. Tora. a. p. 978-

C z '^'Church

809

lo ANTIEKT TESTIMONIES.

^' Church profcflcs, declares the Proceflion of the Holy-Ghoft ♦' from the Father and Son, thus faying ; The Father is mudc '■'■ of rione'' &:c." This I cite upon the credit oi Sirmoridus in his Notes to Theodtdphtis.

Sop It was in the fame year that the Latm Monies of Mount 0- Livet wrote their apologetical Letter to Pope Leo III, juflifying their Doctrine of the Procellion/rc;^?/ the Son, again ft one John of Jerujdem, a Monk too, of another Monaftcry, and of an Op- pofite perfwafion. Among other Authorities, They appeal to The F^ith of Athnndjius^ that is, to The Creed, as we now call it. This I have from Le ^ien, the learned Editor of Bamafccn, who had the Copy of that Letter from BaiuziuSj as He there fignifies.''

820 Not long after, Hatto otherwlfc called Hetto^ and Ahyto, Bilhop of B^fil in France, compofed his Capitular, or Book of ConJlitutionSj for the regulation of the Clergy of his Dioccfs. Amongft other good Rules, This makes the 4th ; " That They " fhould h.ave the Faith of Athanafim by Heart, and recite it at " the Vrime (that is, at 7 ^ Clock in the Morning) every Lord's Day .'^

%zo Agohardus of the fame Time, Archbifhop of Lyons, wrote againfl: Felix Orgelitanus j >vhere He occafionally cites part of the Athanafian Creed. His words are: "St. Athanafius fays, *' that except a Man doth keep the Catholick Faith -xvhole and '■^ unde filed y -without doubt He jhall perifh everlaflingly.^

^52 In the fame Age, flourifhed the famous Hincmar, Arch-Bifhop of Rheims 5 who fo often cites, or refers to the Creed we arc (peaking of, as a Handing Rule of Faith, that it may be need-

a Incertus Autor quem diximus, hoc ipfo utcos teflimonio, Beatus, inquit, jithanafitis, in Expo/itione Catholics. Tidei, quam ipfe eirregius Doftor confcripfit, & quam univerfalis confitctur Ecclelia, Proreflloncm Spirirus Saiifti <i Vatre ^ Filio declarat, ita dicens : Pater a nullo (ft f actus &c.. Sirmond. Op. Tom. !■ p. 978- Conf. p. 967.

b In Regiila Sandli Benediiii quam noMs dcdic Filius vcftcr Dotnntu Karclus, qui ha- bct Fidem fcriptam dc Sanfta & infcparabili Trinitatc; Credo Spiritum SanBum Deum 'Ltrum ex Patre procedentem (^ Filio : Kt in Dialogo quem nobis vcftra Sanditas dare dignata eft flmilitcr dicir. Et in Fide S. Aihanafii codcm mode dicit. Monacii dc Monte Oliv. apud Le S^uen D.flcrt. Damafc p. 7.

c IVto. Ut Fides Sanrfi Athanafii a Siccrdotibus difcatur, 8c ex corde, Die Dominice ad PrimamTC^McXwr. Bifil. Capitul. apud Ilarduin. Turn. IV. p. 1241.

d hci\.\xi Aihunafius 3i\t ; Fidem C2iho]kam'ni/i qnis inte^ram, invioUtamque fsrvavtriti ..^i>fqt4t dubio in AtemHtn peribh. Agobard. adv. Felic. c 3. cd. Baluz.

ANTIENT TESTIMONIES. ai

lefs to produce the particular PalTages. I lliall content my felf with one only, more confiderable than the reft for the Ulc that is to be made of it hereafter. He direds his Presbyters, " to learn Ath^nafus's Treatife of Faith ^beginning with whofo-- " ever -ivill be faved) to commit it to memory, to underftand its " meaning, and to be able to give it in commo?i words j ^that is, I fuppofe, in the 'vulgar Tongue, He at the fame Time recom- mends the Lord's Prayer^ and {Apoftles) Creed, ^as I take it, with- out mentioning the Nicefie : Which I particularly remark for a reafon to be feen above. It is farther obfervable, that, tho' Hincmar here gives the Athanafia^i Forniulary the name of a Treatife of Faith j yet He elfewhere*^ fcruples not to call it {Symholum) 2. Creed: And He is, probably, as ^/;';?^o;^^^i obferves,*^ the firft Writer who gave it the name it bears at This Day, Which, I fuppofe, may have led Oudifi into his miftake, that no writer before Hincmar ever made mention of this Creed-^ ^ a mi- ftake, which, tho' taken notice of by Tentzelius^ in the year 1687, He has neverthelefs again and again repeated in his laft Edition, the Year before This. 864

About the fame Time, and in the fame Caufe, Ratram, or Bertram, Monk of Corbey in France, made the like ufe of This Creed, calling it A Treatife concerning the Faith. ^ ^^5

In the fame Age, lived Anfcharius, Monk alfo of Corbey ; and afterwards Arch-Bifhop of Hamburgh and Breme in Ger- 7nany. Among his dying Inftrudions to his Clergy, He left This for one 5 that theyjhould be careful to recite The Ca-

a Unufquifque Presbyterorum Expofitionem Symboli, atque Omt'wnis Dominia, juxta Traditionem Orthodoxorum Pafrutn plenius difcat— -^Pfaimorum etiam verba, 8c Di- ftindliones regulariter, 8c ex corde, cum Canticis confuetudinariis pronunciare fciaN Necnon 8c Sermonem Athanafii de Fide, cujus initium eft, £)uicHnqHe vult Salvus efje, memorije quifque commendet, fenfum illius intelligat, & verbis communibus enuatiare queat. Hincm. Capit. i.Tom. i.p, 710. ed. Sirmond.

b Vid, Hincm. Opufc. ad HiHcmar, Laudunenfem. Tom. 2. p. 475.

c Mhanafius in Symbolo dicens 8cc. de PrAdeftin. Tom, 1. p. 309.

d Sirmond. Not. in Theodulph. p. 978.

e Oudin. Gommentar. Vol. 1. p. 54^. ija-z.

f Tentzel. judic. Eruditor. p. 144.

g Beatus ^thanafius Alexandrinus Epifcopus, in Libello de Fide quern edidit, 8c omni- bus Catholicis propofuit tenendum, inter catera He ait; Pater a nidlo efi fucius, neccreatus, necgenhat &c. Ratram Coiur. Grsecor. Oppor.k2. c 3»

tholick.

I'i ANTIENT TESTIMONIES.

tholick Faith compofc'.i by Ath.znajius.'' This is reported by Rer/ihertus, the writer of his Life, and Succeflbr to Him in the fame See 5 who had been Hkewife iMoniv ot Corbey : fo that we have here Two confiderablc Teftimonies in one.

F68 Contemporary with Thefe was uEnc/is Bifhopof Paris, who, in his Treatife againO: the Creeks, quotes the Athandjinn Creed un- der the name of Tides Catholics, ^ Catholick Faith, producuiL-, the fame Paragraph of it which Theodttlphus had done to years before.

?7i Adelhertus of This Time, upon his nomination to a Cifhop- rick in the Province of Rherms, was obUged to give in a Pro- fefllon of his Paith to Arch-Bilhop Himmar. Among other Tilings, He profeflcs his great regard to the Ath.mafia7i Creed [Sermo Athanafii) as a Creed received with great veneration by the Catholick church, or being of cujlomary and venerable uje in it.*^ This Teftimony is confiderablc in regard to the Re- ception of This Creed ; and not before taken notice of, fo far as I know, by Thofe that have treated of This Argument.

00 This Creed is again mention'd in the fame Age by Ricul-

phus Bifhop of Soijjons in France^ in his paftoral Charge to the Cler[:^y of iiis Diocefs. He calls it, a Treatife, ( or Difcourfe ) of Catholick Faith. ^ This I take from Father Harduins Coun- cils, as alio the former, with the Dates of Both.

060 Ratherius, Bifhop of Verona in Italy in the yeai: 931, and afterwards of Leige in Germany in the year 95 3, and reftor'd to his See o'i Verona in the year 955, did after This Time write InftruO:ions to his Clergy of Verona j in which He makes men- tion of all the Three Creeds, ApojloUcal, Nicene , and Athana-

a Cum infarct obitus, prarcepit ut Fratres cancrent Tidtm Cinholkam a Beato Atha- nitfio comfofitam. An/char. Vit. apud Pctr. Lambec. in Append. Lib. x. Rerum Hamburg.

b Sinftus Aihanafiuu fedis AlexAndrins Epifcopus S<c. Ifem, idem in FUe Ca-

tholica, quod 5piiitus Sanftus a patre procedat & Filio, ra.'er s nulla efi faclut &c. iEncas Parif. adv. Grafc. c, 19.

c In Sermcne Bead Athana/ii, quern Ecdcfia Catholica vcncrando ufii fre^ucntarc con- fuevit. qui ita incipit; _:^iicunque vult Salvus cjfe, ante omnia opui efl ut teneat Catholi- cHm Fiilem. ProfcflTio Adclberti Epifcopi Morinenfis futuri. Hjinluin. Concil. Tom. V. d. I44f.

d Item""moncmus, ut unufquifquc vcftrum Pfalmo?, & Sermonem Fidei Catholic*, cujus initium, <^uict<ni]ue vult falvas ejfe, Jc CaJioncm Mifl'x, & cantum, vel compotum, me- moritcr, iT vcncitcr, & corrcdtc tencre ftudcac. Riculf. Conft. Vth. HardUin. Concil. Tom. VI. p. 4>5'

Jta/z;

ANTIENT TESTIMONIES. zi

fim-, obliging his Clergy to have them all by Heart: Which ihows that they were all of ftanding ufe in his Time, ui his Diocefs, at leaft." ,, ,^ ^,, ^^^

Near the Clofe of this Century lived Jth, or J/hy Abbot 997 of Fleurvy or St. BenediSi upon the Loire in Frmce, Upon fome Difference He had with Armlphus Bilhop of Orlems, He wrote an Apology which He addrefs'd to the Two Kings of Frmce,. Hugh and Robert. In that Apology He has a paflage relating to our purpofe, running thus. "1 thought proper, in the firft ''place, to fpeak concerning rhe Faith: which 1 have heard va- ^'rioufly fung in alternate Choirs, both in Frmce and in the " Church of England. For fome, I think, fay, in the Athana- " iian Form, The Holy-Ghoft is of the Father and of the Son, net- ^'ther made, nor created, but proceeding \ Who while they leave " out, nor begotten, are perfwadcd that They are the more con- "formable to Gregorys Synodical Epijile, wherein its written^ '♦ that the Holy-Ghofl is neither unbegotten, nor begotten^ but proceed-^ « ing."^ I have taken the liberty of throwing in a word or two to make the fentence run the clearer. What the Author in- tends, is, that fome fcrupulous Perfons both in France and England, recited the Athanafian Creed with fome Alteration, leaving out two words, to make it agree the better, as They imagined, with Gregorys Synodical Inftrudions. As to their Scruple herein, and the ground of it, I fhall fay more of it in a proper place. Ail I am to obferve at prefent is, that this Te- ilimony is full for the Cuftom of alternate finging the Athana- fihi Creed, at this Time," in the French and Engli^ Churches^ And indeed we fhall meet with other as full, and withal earlier

a Ipfarn Fidem, id eft Credulitatem, Dei, trifarie parare memorircr feftinetis: Hoc efts, fecundum Symbolum, id eft, Collatiomm Apoftolorum, ficut in Plateriis correftis invcni- tur; & illam quse ad Mijfam caniturj Sc ilkm Sandii ^ihanafii qux ita incipiti giuictmquc

vuh falvHs ep — Sermonem, ut fuperius dixi, ^thanafii Epijcopi de Fide Trm.taw,

cujtis initium eft, ^ticunque vult, memoriter teneat. Ratherii Synod. Epift. Harduin. , Con. Tom. Vl. \>^S7.

b Primitus de Fide dicendum credidij quam alternantibtis Cboris 8c mFrancta,^ apud Anglorum Ecdefiam variari audivi. Alii enim dicunt, ut arbitror, fecundum Athmafitm, Spirit US SanHus a Patre & Filw non faHits, non creatus, fed procedens: Qui dun) id quod eft wo?j ^e«;V«/ fubtrahunt, Synodicum Domini Gregorii fe lequi credunt, ubi ita eft Icri- ptum; Spiritns Sm^us nee ingenttus efi, nee genitus fed procedens.. Abbo Floriaccnl. ApoL adFrancor. Reges.

44 ANTIERT 7ESTIM0NIES.

Evidence of the fame Cuilom, when we come to treat of AUyjti^ fcripts in the following Chapters. To proceed with our an- tient Tcflimonics.

1050 ha the next Century, we meet with Cualdo, a Monk of Corbcy ; who likewife wrote the Life of AnfchMua, but in Vcrje, as Rem- berttis had before done in Vroje. He alfo takes fomc notice of our Creed, afcribing it to Ath^inajiHS.''

1 1 30 li\ the Century following, Ho?wrius, a Scholaftick Divine of the Church oi Autun, in his Book intituled The Pe^irl of the Soul, (which treats of the Sacred, or Liturgick Offices) reckons up the feveral Creeds of the Church, making in all>o«r.- Name- ly, the Apojlolical, the Nlceue, the Co?iJl:a?amopolitan, and the A- thmafim. Of the laft. He obferNcs, that it -was daily repeated at the Prime}" He afcribes it to Athmafms of Alexandria in the Time of Theodofius : Where He is undoubtedly miftaken in his Chronology. For, if He means the hrll Athmmfms of Alexa?i~ driay He is too early for either of the Theodofius' s: And if He means it of the Iccond, He is as much too late. But a Slip in Chronology might be pardonable in That Age: nor docs it at all affect the Truth of what He attefts of his own Times.

1138 Otho, Bifhop o'i Trifmghen in Bavaria, may here be taken notice of, as being the iirft we have met with who pretends to name the Place where Athanafius is fuppofed to have made this Creed j 7riers, or Treves, in Germany."^ I cite This Author on the credit oi Montfoiicon; who quotes from Him the words I have thrown into the margin.

J J ^ J Tentzelius informs us of an Abbot of Brunpivich, \\'ho attend- ing the Duke of Brunfvick, at This Time, in his journey into the Eafl, had fome Difputes with the Greeks there, upon the Article of ProceJJion, and pleaded the ulual paflage out oi this Creed 5 as did alfo the T>nke Himfclf whole w ords are to be

a Catholicamque FiJim quam compofuifTe beams Fcrtur Athanafiut . GualJoii. Vie. Anfch.apud Limbec.

b Quarto, Fidem ^/</f««^//e T//i//,qiiotiiJic ad Vrimam iccrat, quam Athanafius Alexan- drinus F.pifcopus, rogntu Theodcfii Itnperatoris cJidit. Honor. Atdgujlod. Gemm. Animae. I. 2. c. f. Bii.1. PP. Tom. XX. p. ioS6.

c Athanafius mancns in E'cc!clia Trtvirortim, fub Maximo ejus Ecclcfix Epifcopo, ^Hicunque zhIi Scc a qujbufdam dicitur cdid;He. Oth. Friling. apud Montfauc. Diatrib.

p. 721. N

fecn

ANTIENT TESTIMONIES, 25

feen in the Margin.'' What is moft to be noted is the Title oi Symbolum Fidei, which now began to be common to this Form, as to the other Creeds.

Robertus PauMus, Presbyter of Amiens, in the Diocefs oiRheimSj 1 1 7 S fpeaking of the Offices recited at the Frime, obferves that the Piety of good Chriftians had thereunto added the ^icunqtte vult-, that the Articles necejjkry to fahat ion might never be for^ot- ' ten mij hour of the Day}"

Beleth, a celebrated Paris Divine, is the oldeft Writer that ^^^^ takes notice of this Creed's being commonly afcribed to A?mfta~ fms j tho' He Himfelf afcribes it to Athanafms."^ Te?uzelim^ marks fome Differences between the Prints and the Manufcripts of This Author, and betwixt one Manufcript and Another. But as the dif- ference, tho' in ivords confiderable, is yet very httle in xhcfenfe^ it is not material to our prefent purpofe to be more particular about it.

I muft not Omit NicoUus Hydruntinus, a Native of Otranto in 1200 Italy^ who Tided with the Creeks, and wrote in Greek, ai^ainfl the Latins. He underftood Both Languages, and was often Mter- freter between the Greeks, and Latins, in their Difputes at G?;^- fiantinople, Athens, and Theffalonica.^ He wrote feveral Trads out of which Leo Allatim has pubhfh'd fome Fragments. There is one relating to the Atha?iafian Creed, which muft here be taken notice of 5 being of ufe for the certifying us that this Creed was extant in Greek at and before his Time. It is This : '' They (the Greeks) do not know who made the Addition to '\Xhe Faith of Athmafms^Mlcd Catholick -, fmce the words, a-nd '' of the Son, are not in the Greek {form) nor in the Creed (of Conftanti?wple.)^

a Unde Athnnafius in Symbolo Fidei dixit: Spiritus Sanctis a Vatre ©. liUo nc» f actus im creatus, nee gen'tttis, fed proredens. Henric. Brunfuic. apud Tcnt7el, p. 89.

b His addidit Fidclium devotio, ^ncunque -vult falvus ejfe, iit Aniculorum Fid d qui lunt necclTarii ad Salutem, ndla diei Hora oblivilcamur, Rob. Vauliil. inter- Ooer Hrcon de S. V,acr. dc Offic. Feci. I 2. c. I. p. 265. ■ ' ■ ^

r .^ ^".r'^ ^^ "^^^"''"''^^ Patriarcha .<4/fx/i?j./nwcompofirum eft; plcriqiie cum Anad^Cti'm fjiUe falfo arbitrantur. Jam. Bcleth. de Divin. Offic. c. 40. ed. Antvcrp

d Tentzcl. Judicia Erudit. p. 91.

e Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Grxc. Vol- X. p. 39^

?/^ r V^ TZ""^ T ^^■''' ^''"' '^ ^ '^'^ '■^ '''^' '"e^%^^«/. '^r, c^'-nS ^,,^^iXco!' Leo

Aliat. dc Conlenl. Eccl. Occident. 6;c. 1. 3. c. i. n. 5. p. 887.

^ From

1^ ANTIENT TESTIMONIES,

From This paffagc wc may learn, that there was a Greek Copy of the Atha/7/iJiiif7' Creed at this 1 ime j that it wanted the words, of the Son ; that it v/as look'd upon as Athanafti.is\ j and that the Title was, The CathoUck Faith of St. Jtha^ytur, which is its moil: ufual Title in the Lathj^ Copies. 1 miy jiilt hint to the Reader, that th.o' both z?' 915 in the CVecl', and f/^'es in the Latm might juftly be rendred Creed in Englilh, rather rhan Faith, whenever it Hands for a Formularj, or Confefficn of Faitii, as it does here 5 yet becaufe 1 ihould othcrwife want another F-aalip^ word for (jh\JLQ,Q\{i^, in the Greek, and Sjmbolum in the Latin, I therefore refcrve the word Creed, in this Cafe, for diftindion fake, to be the rendring of Symbolum, or crJ^CcAcj', and nothin^^ elfc. But to proceed.

mo Alexander o\ Hales, in Glocejierfhire, may here defervc to be mention'd, as fhewing what Creeds were then received in England, He reckons up Three only (not Four^ as Thofc that make the Nicene and Co?jfl'antinopolitan to be Two) namely 5 The Apoftle's, The Nicene or Conftantinopolitan, and The Athanafa.^:^ A\^herc we may obferve, that the Athanafian has the name of a Creed, which yet was not its mofi: ufual, or common Title in thofc Times : only the Schoolmen; for order and method lake, chofe to throw it under the Head of Creeds.

I am next to take notice of the famed Legates of Pope Gre- qory the IXth {Hajmo, Radolphus, Petrus, and Hugo) who produced This Creed in their Conferences with the Greeks, at Conflarni- nople. They afierted it to be Athanafius's, and made by Him while an Exile in the Weftcrn Parts, and penn'd in the Latin Tongue. They had not aflurance enough, it feems, to pretend that it was a Greek Compofition : There were too many, and too plain reafons to the contrary.

12J.0 ^^ This Age, Walter de Caniilttpe, Eifhop oi JVorcefler, in his Synodical Conflitutions, exhorts his Clergy to make themfelves competent Madcrs of the Pfahn called J^^ictmque -cult, and of,

a Tria funt Symbol!: primuni Apojlo'.orum, fccundum patrum Niro2:rtim, quod cani- tur in Mf//i,1ertium jithanafii. Alcxand. Alcnf Par. 9 Q 69. membr. f,

Greg. IX, Harduiii, Tom. VU. p. IJ7.

^ the

-3 3

AKTIEKT TESTIMONIES. t^

the greater and fmaller Creed (that is Nkene, and Apoftolicd) that They might be able to inftrnd their people.* From whence we may obferve, that at This Time the Athanftfmn Formuiary was diltinguilh'd, here amongft us, from the Creeds properly fo called j being named a Pfalm^ and fometimes a Hyr^n (as we fhall fee from other Evidences to be produced hereafter) fuita- bly to the Place it held in the P falters among the other Hymns y Ppilms, and Canticles of the Church, being alfo fung^ alternate- ly in Churches, like the other.

We may here alfo take notice of a juft Remark made by 1250 Thomas Aquinas of This Century 5 that Athanafms, whom He fuppofes the Author of This Formulary, did not draw it up in the way of a Creeds but in a Voclritial Form ; which however was admitted by the Authority of the Roman See, as contain- ing a compleat Syftem of Chriftian Faith.'^

In a Synod of iB'Ar^/^r, in this Century alfo, we have mention 1287 again made of the Athanafian Creeds but under the Name of a Pfalm, and as fuch diftinguifh'd from the Two Creeds^ properly fo called.

William DurantSj the elder, Biiliop of Menda in France y re- 1287 counting the Creeds^ makes their Number T^r^^ 5 mentioning the Athanafian in the fecond place, between the Apofiles and Nicene. He follows the fame Tradition which Otho Frifmgenfis did be-

a Habeat etism faltem quilibet eoruni fimplicem intelledum fecundum quod continetur in Tfalmo qui dicilur ^uicunque vuh, & tam in majeri quam in mtnori Symbolo, ut in his plebem fibi commiflam noverint in(oraiare. Walter. Wtgorn. Conft. apuu Harduin. Tom. Vh. p. 357.

b \n John WickUff's Comment on this Creed, I find the following words:

It is feid comunly that ther ben thre credis: the fir ft is of Apoftlts, that Men hiowen comun' ly: the tothir is the Crede of theChirche,that declarith the former Crede: This thriddeCrede is of the Trynyte, the which is Sungum as a Salm, and was tnaad in Greke Speche, of oon that is cleptd Attanafie, and afiir tumid to Latyn, and Sum del ammdid, and ordeynid to be feid at thefirfi our. Wickl. Ml! Bibl. Coll. Johan. Cant.

c ^thanafius non compofuit manifeflationein Fidei per modum SymboH, fed magis per trodum cuju/dam Doftrinae: fed quia integram Fidei veritateni ejus Dot^rina breviter continebat, auftorirate fummi Pontificis eft recepta, ut quafi Fidei Rcgti'a Libeatur. Thorn. Aqu. Secund. SecundaeQu. I • Art. lo. n. 5.

d Articulorum Fidei Chriftianorum Salrem fimplicem habeant intd'efrum, prout m Tfalmo, ^icunque vult, 8c in titroque Symbolo continentur. Synod. Exon. Harduin Concil* Tom. VII. p. 1096. ^ ^

D 2 fore

z8 AKTIEKT TESTIMONIES,

fore, that This Creed was made atT^-zm, or Treves." It is fcnrce worth notins; that fome Copies here read jin^J};ifras, iincc the Circumllances plainly (how that Athnn^fitis is the Man in- tended, and that An;ijlafim can be nothing elfe but a corrupt

reading. j,,o Ludolphtis Saxo, the Carthufian, is cited by Vojfms, as nuni- ^ brmi:; Three Creeds, with very brief, but good Hints of their Ufcs refpedively : The Apofiies^ ufeful for a Ihorr compendious Infnuciion in the Faitli j The Nicene for fuller Explication 5 and the Athnnafmn, for Guard, or Defence'' againft Herefies. 1337 V/illmm of Bddenfd, or Boldejkle, a German Knight, ought here to be mention'd 5 as being the firft Writer extant that aferibes the Creed to Eufebius (of Verceil^ in Piedmont) along with Athm^fius. The reafon, I prefume, was, the better to account for the Creed's being originally Latin. Baldenfd's Tre^- tife beino- the Hifiory of Viedmont, wherein He makes the re- mark, is not yet publiih'd, I iuppoie : But Cardinal Bona in- forms us that die Manufcript was, in his Time, in the Library of the Buke of Savoy at Turin. ^ I 60 Manuel Caleca, a latinizing Creek, wrote a Treatife upon the Principles of the Catholick Faith, publilh'd by Combe fis, in his new Auciarium to the Bibliotheca Patrum, Tome the 2d. where we find fome Paflages to our prefent purpofe 5 particularly This, that Caleca aferibes the Creed to Athanafius, and fuppofes it to have been prefented by Him to Pope Julius.^ I know not

a Nota, quod triplex cfl Symbolum. Primum ert Symboliim ^fojlclorutn, quod vo-

catur Symbolum minus. ^ Secundum Symbolum t^, ^ucun^uevnlt falvm ejfe &c.

ab Athanafto, Patriarcha Alexandrino, in civjtatc Trevm compolitum Tertium

eft Niannm quod -vocatur Symbolum m^^j us. Gul. Durant. Rational. Divin. Offic.

lib. IV. C. 2f. ,.,-;,.

b Tria furn Symbola: primum Apcfljlorum, fecundum Nianutn, tertium Atbanafit. Primum facf^um eft ad Fi-^ei JnjlruBionem, f-cundum ad F:dci Explananonem, tertium ad ¥\(\ci Defenficnem. Ludr.lpli. Sax- dc Vit. Chrifti. cap. Sj- apud roj^mm dc Trib Symb. DilTcrt. I. cap. i.p. j-oj.. ■ r • . j

c In hoc autcm Symbolo, five componendo. five c Grico in Latinum traduccndo. Adjutorcm fjilTe Athanafto Eufeiium, Vercellenfem Ep'fcopum, rcfcrt GuUelmus BMefanus in Hi.loria \edemontana, quse Manufcripta T^wr/w/ afTcrvatur in Bibliotheca Ducis S^bau- ^it, ex Tabulario Vercellenfis Rccleliar. Bona de Diyin. Pfalm.^ c. i6. Scd- i8- p. 864.

d T<«e;'77)» ^Ptxv itjii 71? Tnv^; 9nrit/'r>i, c^}v''«/ i iiiti.TU^., is 0 fA^iyx^ *A}«»««a; it -jj

«7*j'5 'la>T« -TrnTizf.)! 'Vuujnc, rr, -Trlfiw? ou,oAo^'ac cr^ffj>>cir. MaRucl. Calcc. de Fid. C. 10. '>nrer h^tnd. Contr. Grxc 1. a. c. 2o. ' ,

^ whctlier

ANTIENT TESTIMONIES. i^

whether He be not the firft writer that mentions That Circimv fiance, nor whether He reports it from others, or from his own invention. ;

About the fame Time Johannes Cyparijjiota, Surnamed the 1360 Wife J wrote his Bee ads, which are publilh'd in Lut'm, in the BibliothequeSj of Turrianuss Verfion. What we are to obfervc from Him is, that He cites This Creed in the Name of AthyT>- rmfmSj and as if it were made at the Council of Nice.^ It feems, after it once pafs'd current that Athanafms was the Author, there was great variety of Conjedures about the Place where, and the Time when, He compofed, or prelented this Greed.

I fhall mention but one more, as late as the Council of ^43 9 Florence-, or a little later ; and That is Johannes (afterwards Jo- fephus) Plujiadenus, a latinizing Greek, who wrote a Dialogue in defence of the Latins. What is obfervable in Him is, that He makes the Creed to have been prelented by Athatzafius to Pope Liberim, inftead of Julm^.

I have now come low enough with the Antient Tc^imon'tcSf if I may be allowed fo to call thofe of the later Times. A few of the hrft and eailicft might have fufficed, had I no other Point in view but the meer Antiquity of the Creed : But, as my Defign is to treat of its Reception alfo, in various Places, and at vari- ous Times, and to lay together feveral kind of Evidences which -. will require others, both early and late, to clear up and explain • Them ; it was, in a manner, necefl'ary for me to bring my Ac^ founts as low as I havejiere done. Befldes that feveral infe- rior, incidental Qj-ieftions will fall in our way, for the refolv- ing of which, moft of the Teftimonies I have here cited will be ferviceable in their Turn 5 as will appear more fully in the Se- quel. I have omitted feveral Teftimonies of the later Centu- ries, fuch as I thoui^ht might conveniently be fpared, either as containing nothing -but v/hat we had before from others more ,

a Magnus Athannfius, in Expofitione Fidei, in primn Synodo, ait (^c. Joan. CypariiT- Decad. 9. c. 3. Bibl. PP. Tom XXi.

t5 'tiS oc. Joan. Plu.riad. apud Conibtiif, no'» in Calec. p. 297,

ajitienj:

JO ANTIENT TESTIMONIES.

antient, or as being of no ufe for the clearing up any that \vc have, or for the fettling any Point which will come to be difcLifb'd in the following Sheets. The Rule I have fct my fcif in making the Colledion, and which I have been moft cartful to obfcrve, was to take in all thofe, and none but thofc which are either valuable for their AfUiquitj^ or fomething;^^^/^, z.\\\ p/irtict4,Ur upon the Subjecl, or may (h-ikc fomc Light into any doubtful ^efiion thereunto relating.

I (hall fhut up this Chapter, as I did the former, with 'xTMe^ rcprefenting in one view the Sum and Subftance of what has been done in it. The feveral Columns will contain the Te^ir of our Lord^ the Authors here recited, the Country where They lived, and the Title, or TitUi by Them given to the Creed. The Titles oui^ht to appear in their Origind Language wherein they were written ; which my EngUpo Reader may the more eafi- ly cxcufc, fincc they have moft of them been given in Englijh above, where it was more proper to do it. The ufe of fuch a Tabid will be fccn as often as a Reader has a mind to look back' to This Chapter, or to compare feveral Evidences of dif- ferent kinds, proving the lame Thing, one with Another.

A Tabic

A Table of the ARTIE RT TESTIMORIES. 31

A.D.	1 Authors	J Country	1 Title of the Creed.
670	1 Council oi Autun	[ France	1 Fides Sandti Athanafii Prafulis.
760	1 Arcicies i\^\^i, Kegmj	1 G^fiiiany	( Sermo Athanalii Epikopi do Ftde.
794	1 C.'ounc; Franckfort	Germany France	1 Fides Catholica Sandtx Trinitaris.
S09	1 Theodulphus
809	J ^rionymns	France	Expofirio Catholics Fidci, Arhanafii.
809	( Monks of M. O/x;?/	judea	Fides SandVi -Uhatiafii.
820	I H^tto. or tiitto.	France	F;des San-Tri Athanilii
8io	j AgobArdns	France
8/*	1 Hincmar	France	Sermo Aihinafji de Fide Athanafii Symbolum.
864	1 Bertram	France	1 Libeilus Athanalii de Fide.
86f	1 Anfcharins	Gern-aKy	( Athanalii Fides Catholica.
868	1 4i /p,-?j I'arif,	Ffocr	j Arhin hi F.de; Cathoiica.
87'	1 AUelbei-tui	France	Sermo Beati Athanafii.
889	1 RirtAph'-n	Franre	j Sern^o Fidei CatholiCie,
960	1' Rarheruis	Faly	Sermo Athanali hpT de Fide Trinitatis.
991	1 ^(^(^o, <;>• ^;'/5j [	France	Fides lecundum Athanafium.
lOfO	G« 1/(^/0 1	Frorce |	F:des Catholica Athmafio adfcripra.
1 130	Honcr'niS |	France j	Fides j^ictncjtie zult.
, 11;^	1 O'^"	Biv.nria j	Qiiicun jue vulr. c'/r-
1171	1 n k,- of B-//;2/w, it 1 Rnherttn Paululm 1	G?rmiiiv	Athmalii SyinholjiTi Fidei.
11-8	France |	Qi.lirun:V'.' ^'l-llt. ?'°rc-
1 190	£■■/''//; 1	Frin e 1	^;hanilii Symb'i'um.
IZOC^	N;c. HjJrimunitj j Alexander Alenf. |	lraij>- j	T» a,yi>i ' Ajzivcixiii m^i ti Ka^aAx.;,
1230	Ath:n,ifii Symbolum.
iin	1 P. Gregoiyh Legates [ Mealier Cp.ntilupe 1	RnglinJ 1	''Etjani TYii THTitilC,,
1 liO	Pfalmus ^u'.cunjiue zyc-
llfO	1 Ihom- Asjuin^s	Italy 1	Athaiiaiii Man f_'lia'io Fidei
1187	[ Exori. Synod j	•Enjhnd 1	Plalnius J^uic:incfue fie
1287	1 Dur.i}itus I	France |	Aihinani Symbolum.
1530	j Luddphui j	Sivonv 1	Afhamli Symbolum.
«?B^	1 Baldsn-^.jl. 1	CjT'mt^v 1	Atb.maii *^vnib:)lum.
1560	1 Ai.i.'j. Caleca j	Giecre j Greece	'H ri? Trhiu'^ of/^hoyMT-s 'AScy/ttAa.
w6o	1 7^;j«. Cyt>^'-ijj! !a j	A'.hanafii Fxpofirio Fidei.
'439	j yo^«. Tl'.JUder.y.s j	Greece j	H T,.<i 7n?-iv^ t;4<^A'.p<» 75W 'A/wy^j-.V.

CHAP.

3*

CHAP. III.

Ancient Commentators ait\d Taraphrafts upon the j^tJoa-

najian Creed.

AN T 1 E N T Comments, or ParaphrafcSy may be properly mention'd after aiitient TcftimonieSj being near akin to Them, and ahiioft the fame Thing with Them. I call none dntieut but fuch as were made before Printing 5 and therefore Ihall carry my Accounts no lower than that Time. A F) The firft Comment to be met with on this Creed, is one of '^-Qthc Sixth Century, compofed by Vcnantius FortimntuSy an Itd- limi by Birth, but one that travelled into Prance and Germanyy became acquainted with the moft eminent Scholars and Pre- lates all over the Weft, and was at length made Bifhop of Pcictiers in Prance. His Comment on this Creed has been pub- lifh'd from a Manufcript about 600 years old, =^ out of the Ambrofmn Library at MiU?z, by Muratorius in his Second Tome o^ A?iecdota in the year. 1698. There can be no reafonable doubt but that the Comment really belongs to the Man whole Name it bears, i. Becaufe in the fame Book there is alio a Comment upon the Apofiles Creed '^ afcribed to Portunatus, and which is known to belong to Fenantim Portunatus, and has been before printed among his other Works. 2. Becaufe it appears highly probable from what T'encmtius Portwidtus has

a Eft rorro nobis in Ambrofmna. Bibliotheca Membransceus Codex nnnos abhinc fermc fexrentos manii defcriptus; nt ex Charaftcrum Forma, aliiiljue Con^^cfturis affirmaripone mihividctur. Hcic. prxrer alia opulcuh nmlta, Trcs Symbol! expolitioncs habcntur, qua- rum unam tantum nunc public! juris facio.

Prima ira infcribitur, Expc/iiio Fuiei Cmtholici. Akcri nullus Titulus prxfixus eft. P*-

firtma vcro hunc prae fc fcrt ■■, Expo/itio Fuiei Caiholic* F.rtun.ui.. ■~Tortunatus autem,

hfic memoratus, alius a-Venantio Fortnn.%to non eft, quern Infah Vulaitenfis lLCclc(la:,qucm Chriftiinz pocciccs ornamcnta xternitarc donirunr. Murator. Anecdot. Tom. 2. p. 228.

b Expofitionem quoquc continct {Cod. ^;n6roJianus) Apoftolici Symboli, cum hac In- fcriprionc: Incipii expofitio a Foriunato Vreslytero confcnpta. Eadcm vero eft ac Edita inter FortHnatiOocYi- Tuni fcquuntur ^'cniinx cjuldcm Symboli cxplicationes, Tres Qrationis Bominicd, & dux ^^//'^W'^y*^';' i>w^o/» cxpojitioncs incertis audoribus fcriptl. Tandem, uti diximus, Exp^fuio Fidei Gntholia. Fortunati Icgitur. Quocirco quin ad Veniuiimm quoquc SertunatHm Opufculum hoc lit referendum, nullus dubito. MJir/itor. ibid, p. 131.

occa-

AKTIERT COMMENTS &c. 55

occ^fionally dropp'd in his other undoubted Works/ that Ho was really acquainted with the Athmafim Creed, and bor- rowed Exprcllions from it. 3. Becaufe in the Expolitions of the ApojHes and Athf^najiiiii Creeds, there is great fimilitude of Style, Thoughts, and Exprcillons 5 which Ihows that Both are of the fajic Hand, and indeed, the other Circum- ftances confider'd, abundantly proves it. It would burden my Margin too much, otherwiie it were eafy to give at lead half a dozen plain Specimens, where either the Expreflions, or Turn of Thought, or Both are exadly parallel. Such as think it of moment to examine, may eafily be fatisfied by comparini^'" the Comment on the Apofles Creed, in the Xth Tome of the laft BibliothequCj with the Comment on the Athi^riafia?i, in Mti- ratorius. 4. I may add, that the Tenour of the whole Com- ment, and the fimplicity of the Style, and Thoughts, are very fuit- able to That Age, and more fo than to the Centuries follow- ing. Thefe reafons intirely convince me that this Comment belongs to Venfmtius FortunatuSj compofed by Him after his going into France J and before He wasBilhop o^ PoicHers : And lb we may probably fix the Date of it about the year 570, or perhaps higher. There is an older Manufcript Copy of this Comment C as I find by comparing ) in the Mufmrn at Oxford, among Junius s, Manufcripts, Number 25.'' J. am obliged to the very worthy and learned Dr. Haywoody for fending me a Tranfcript of it, with a Specimen of the Chara^er. It is reafonably judged to be above 700 years oid. It wants, in the Beginning, about ten or a dozen Lines : In the other parts it agrees with Murato-

a Pr^Eclanim in primordio ponitur Cafleftis Teftimonii Fundamentum, qifia Salvns ejfe non potent, qui rcfte dc Salute non crcdiderit: Fortunat. Expof, Symb, A^cfi, Bib". .PP. Tom. X.

Non Deus hi Carnem verfus, Deus accipit Artus :

Non fe pcrroutans, fed fibi membra Icvans. Unus in an.babus naturis,' verus in ipfis jEqualis fnatri hinc, par Diitctte Patri. Non fua confundens, fibi noftra fed omnia ne(flens.

De patre natus habens divina, htimanaque matris, De patre fublimis, de genetrice humilis.

Venant. Fortun. 1. 8. Carm. j-- Bihl. P. Tom. X. b The Title, Expnfttio in Fide Catholica.

E riuss

34 ANTIENT COMMENTS ufon

r/V/i's Copy, faxing only luch Various Leftions as are to be ex- pcclcd in different Manufcripts not copied from each other, from the tvo Copies compared may be drawn out a much more coYvcii Cor?irr2€?}t than That which Muratorim has given us from Ofje : As perhaps I may ihcw at the end of 1 his \A^ork. The Reader will cxcnfe my dwelling fo long upon this truly eintient Comment , which bears fo confidcrable Tedimony to the Aiiti^uity, early Reception^ and \i\'^ Value of our Creed j as will appear more fully in the Sequel.

I intimated above, that Muratorim fuppofes This Vetjantius For- tunatiis to be the Author, not of the Comment only, but Creed alfo. But his Reafons which plead flrongly for the former, are of no Force at all in refped of the latter : which He is lb icw- fible of Himfelf, that while He fpeaks with great Aflurancc of the one. He is very diffident of the other/ And indeed, not to mention fcveral other confiderations (landing in the way of his conjedurc, who can imagine Ve?iantius Fortunatus to have been' fo vairi-j as, after commenting on the Lord\ Prayer, and Apofiles Creed, to fall to commenting upon a Compofition of his own ?

This Comment of Forttmatus is a great Confirmation of what hath been above cited from the Council of Autun : For, if the Creed was noted enough to defcrvc a Comme-at upon it, fo early as the year 570, no wonder if we find it ft'rongly re- commended by That Council in the year 670, a hundred years after. And it is obfervable that as That Council recommends tiie Apoftolical and Athanafmn Creeds, without laying a Word of the Nicene ; fo Fortundtus, before Them, comments upon Thofe Two only, taking no notice of the Third.

I cannot take leave of This Comment, without obferving to the Reader, that in Vareuss Notes on This Creed, I Jiavc met with a Paflagc which I am not well able to account for. He cites a Comment upon this Creed, under the name of Fu- phronius Presbyter,^ does not fay whether from a Print, or a

a Wa]\i& Symboli Aiiftor cfTc potuit Vchvuiut Fortunatas : Saltern fuii Ijujus Expofnit- an AjiitoT.^furalor. p. 117.

Non ita mcis conjcdluris plauJo, ut ficilius non arbitrcr Extinfuiorum potius quam jyt/U>oluM huic AuAori tribuendum. /</. p. 1^1,

b £«;//ro7y;/<; Preibytcr in expofitionc Jiujus Syn.boli Atbanafii,^f;Vf/, inquit, Catholicity

Ma?iU'

The ATHANASIAK CREED. 35

Manufcript'. But the words He produces are in this very Com- ment of i^or///;^/^/^^. Who this Euphromus is, 1 can no where find 5 nor whether an mtient, or modem Writer. There was an Euphronms Presbyter (mention'd by Greg, of Tours) who lived in the 5th Century, and was at length Billiop of Autun: But I never heard of any writings of his, more than an EpiJHe afcribed to Him and Lupus of Troyes, I would not however omit the mentioning this Note of Parens, becaufe a Hint may fome- times lead'^to ufefui Difcoveriesj And others may be able to refolve the Doubt, tho' I am not.

Our next Commentator, or rather Paraphrafi, is Hincmur of 852 Kheims: Not upon the whole Creed, but upon fuch parts only as He had occallon to cite. For, his way is to throw in fe- veral words of his own, as Explanatory Notes, lo far as He quotes the Creed :^ And He fometimes does it more than He ought to have done, to ferve a Caufe againft Gothefcdcm: Which I may hint, in pafling ; to fay more of it, would be foreign to our prefent purpofe.

S. Bruno, Biiliop of Wurtzburgh in Germany, has a formal 1033 Comment,'and much larger ih2in Fortunatuss, upon the Athana- Ctm Creed. It is at the end of his Pf alter, and has been feveral Times printed with it. Father Le Long reckons up fix Edi^ tions^ in This order: i, At Nuremberg in Eolio, An. D. 1494. 2. By Antonius Koburger in 4to, A. D. 1497- 3. By Cochleus at Wurtzburgh. in 4to. A. D. 1531- 4^% At Leipfick, in 4to, 1533. '5/^/7 In the Cologne Bibliotheque A. D. 161 3. Tom. m! 6thly in the Lyons <2>ih\. PP. A. D. 1677. Tom. XVIII. The OU Editions are icarce, and not eafy to be met with. I have feen Two of them in our Publick Library at Cam- bridge, Thofe of 1494, and 1533. There is an elegant one of the former ( as I conceive by the defcription fent me by a

feu miverfahs, dicitur: Hoc efl, recla, quam Ecckfia Univerfa, temre debet, David. Parei nor. ad Symb. Athan. p. i «8.

a Vid. Hincmari Oper. Tom. l. p. 4f»- 4^4- 4^9* 9S^- Sfl' ^ ■ t ^ ' vr.

b Commentarii in totum Pfalteriam Sc in Cantica Vet. & N. Teftamenti. l" ^O'" Jf" rmbergsi. ,494. In 4to per Antonium Koburger 1497. Idem zJoan.Coc^^Aeo rcft.mtumm 4to HerbipoU 1531. Li^ftA. 1^33. Bibl. PP. Colonienfis & Lugdunenhs. Le Long. liiw. B.bK Tom. ^, p. 6,4. ^ ^ ^^^^^^^

x6 ANTIENT COMMENTS npon

learned Gcntlcmanj in the Bodleian, at Oxford. It is in Vellttmy in a black, and red Letter, relervcd among the Manufcripts, and mark'd X/^W E. 8 i.Tiie Two Editions of 149 7> and 1531, 1 never faw : yet Biihop V^^er makes mention of an Edition in 1531,* and feems to iiave known of none older. 1 (hould have fufpe- (fled 15 3 1 to be a falfe print f)r 1533, had not Le Long con- firmed it that there is Inch an Edition as 1531, and named the ?Uce where it was prmted : Iho' I cannot but obicrve that He makes a I^olio of it in his hrft Tome,*' and a J^arto in the fecond ; which is to me an argument that He had never feen it, but perhaps took the Hint from Upoer. Dr. Crahe, tho' dcfirous of it, had never feen either That of 15 31, or That of 1533.'- But leaving the printed Editions of This Comment of Bruno's^ let us next fay fomething of the Aianujcripts of it, and their Differences from the Prints, or from each other. There are many Manufcript Copies, which I fhall mention in order,

I. The tirft and moil: valuable Manufcript is in the Li- brary of Wiirtzhtirghj as old as the Author, left by Him as a Le- gacy to That Church. The firft printed Edition ( if I millake notj was taken from That very Or/V/;^^/ Manufcript j'l which at the lowed computation muft be 680 years old. The Title of the Creed 5 Fides CuthoLica S. Athanafii Epifcopi.

2 There is a fecond, which I have feen in Trinity-College in Cambridge, annex'd to a Pf alter defcribed at large by the learned Mr. Wanley in his Catalogue,^ and judged by Him to have been

a Pfalterii editio vulgata latina, obelis Sc Aftciifcis diftinfla, cum Brunonis Her6ifoler,/is Fpifcopi Commcntariis, Anno ly^i. a yo/jantte CocbUo in lucem c(t cmilTa, Uj]er, lie E- ditione LXX Interpr. p. to+.

b Pfalterium vetus obelis 8c Afterifcis difli,i(fluni, cum Comrnentariis S. Brttnonii, i\.\i<}i\o Joannii Cochhi Editum, in fol. Herbi^oli, ijji- in 410 Lipliae iJJJ- Lt Lo/>g. Tom. 1. p. 274.

c Grabe Prolegom. ad F falter* AkxanJr. c. 5.

d Poftcris Filiis fuis (5'. Bruno) mcmornbilcm & fanftum Pfalmorum Librum, f.v quo iVt iviprejfus fy'?, Tiimptuofc fcriptum, quafi hircditatis fpiritualis non minimam portio- uem reliqiiit. Prolog, ad Editionem Anni 1494-

Prcciolum iftum Thcfaurum poftcritati port fc reliquif, & quidem infi2ni fcriptura fuirptiiofe dcfcriptiim— — — — extat Durium iIImJ meirorabile & corilpiciium in lociiple- te antiquorum Voluminum LJ;bliothcca Heriipolen/JiEcdcCix: Quod fane rcligiofa pictarc, vclut Harredi^as quadam hujus Sanfti Patris Cufloditur. j^can. Cotl.l, prolog, ad Edit. An. ifB?.

e .7 '/?«/£ //'Catalog. MflT. Soptcntr. p. £68. ^

writtcii

7he ATRAKASI AN CREED. 57

written about the Time of King Stephen, So tliat This is about a hundred years later than the former, or about 580 years old; no Title to the Creed.

3. There is a Third, of much the fame Age with the former, or fome years older, in the Bodleian at Oxford, marked Land, H. 6 1 . the Title of the Creed, Fides Catholics Sun^ti Athannfii Epifcopi.

4. A Fourth I have feen in the CMhedralUihmiy at York, which may be 500 years old. No Title.

5 . There are, as 1 conceive, Three more, which Tentzelim ' gives us fome Hints of, in the BafU, Gotha, and Leipjick Libra- ries: Tho' I have nothing to ground my Conjedure upon but This, that the iirft words, recited by Tentzelius, agree with Bruno % Comment. The Copift has added another Comment upon the fame Creed together with Bruno's ; one running down in a Column on the right Hand, the other on the Left, as I imagine. The Leipjick Copy is judged to be above 500 years old 5 The Title, Fides Anaflafd Tapd.

6. There is another, in the Library of St. German de Prez, about 500 years old. Montfaucon, having met with it, pub- liih'd it'' as an Anecdoton 5 not knowing that it was Bruno % Com- ment, or that it had ever been before printed. It is not indeed quite fo ftdl, nor any thing near fo corred as the printed Copies : But ftill it is plainly Bruno's Comment. The Title 5 Trahatm de Fide Catholica.

.7. There is alio, in my Lord -K^r/tf/s Library, a modern Ma- nuscript of this Comment, 'written at Augsburg, in the year 1 547. (by Charles Peutenger, Son to the famous Conrad) where the Title is. Fides Catholica Sancii Anaflafii Epifcopi. The miftake of Anafiafii for Athanafii, we find, had crept into the German Copies fome Centuries before : wherefore This is not to be won- der'd at. All the oide.r Copies, as well as the Original Manur fcript, have Athanafii, in the Title, where there is a Title, and Athanafms in the Beginnini^ of the Comment.

a Ten(z.elii: Jud. Enidifor. p. 114. and Preface. b Montfaucon. Athanaf. Opcr. Tom. i. p. j7,f.

The

5S ANTIENT COMMENTS upon

The Manufcripts which 1 have here recited, ail but the firft, fccm now to be of no great ufc ; if it be true, as I fuppofe, that the fufl: prints were taken from the very Original at Wurtz.burgh. It is certain that They are very imperfcd, and uncorred (I have collated Three of thcmj in comparilbn of the printed Co- pics: Nor could I obferve above two or three places, and thofe not very material, where the printed Copies feem to iiave fol- lowed a falfc reading, or may be corrected by thofe Manufcripts. One Thing I a little wonder'd at, that the three Manufcripts, of St. Germans^ Trinity College^ and Tork^ Ihould all leave out fome Paragraphs which appear in the printed Copies, and the fame Pa- ragraphs. But I have fince found, that Thofe very Paragraphs were taken out of Tortu7zatuss Comment, and belong not pro- perly to Bruno s. This, I prefumc, the firft Copiers underftood, and therefore omitted them. Probably, ^r«;?^'s own Copy might at firft want them, (tho' they muft have been added foon after) or if Bruno Himfelf inferred them, yet He had left fome mark of diftindion, which was undcrftood at That Time ; tho* not by the Editors of this Comment, fo many years after. But to proceed.

In the next A^e, the famous Teter ^helard wrote Comments upon this Creed : which are printed amongft his other Works. The Title in the Prints, is, Petri Abaelardi Expofitio Eidei, in Symbolum Athmafii. I fufped that the Editor has added the lat- ter part, in Symbolum Athanafii^ as a Hint to the Reader. The Comment is a very fhort one, fcarce three Pages in 4to, and, for the Age it was wrote in, a pretty good one 5 tho', as I conceive, from fome Plaws in it, printed from a Copy not very Correct. 1170 Of the fame Century is Hildegarde, the celebrated Abbefs of St. Ruperis mount, near Birpghen on the Rhine. She wrote Ex- plications of St. BenedicTs Rule, and of the Athanaftan Creed : Which may be feen. Bibl. PP. Tom. XXllI. p. 596. X 2 1 o Simon Tornaccnfis, Prieft of Tournay, in the beguining of the thirteenth Century, taught Divinity at Paris, with great Repu- tation. - His Manufcript Works are in many Libraries 5 and, among his other Writings, there is an Expofition of the Atha-

^ nafian

ne ATHAN^SIAK CREED. ^^

Jian CreedJ" Oudin reckons up four Manufcript Copies of it, in as many difund Libraries, and acquaints us where Tiiey are to be found, and of what Age they probably are.

Contemporary with tiie former, is Alexander Neckham, an En- 1220. glip3man. Abbot of Exeter. He wrote a Comment on the A- thanajian Creed, which is extant in Manufcript, in the Bodlemn, at Oxford (mark'd N. E. 7. 8.) coeval probably with the Author.

There is another Commentary upon this Creed written by i340 Richardus HampoluSy Richard Rolle of Hampole, a Native of Tork- foire, and a Monk of the Order of St. Aufl'm. It contains, in a manner, Bruno % Comment intirc, with feveral Additions, and Infertions cither of the Author's own, or fuch as He had bor- rowed elfe where. It has been twice printed, firft at Cologne in the year 1536, and afterwards in the Bibliotheca Patrum, Lugdun, Tom. XXVI. p. 624.

To the Latin Comments here mention'd I may add an En~ i ■> go. gUpj one, which I fuppole to be Wickliff*s, and which I have above quoted as his. If it be not his, yet certainly it is of his Time, and not far from the middle of the XlVth Century. I will firft give fome Account of this Englifh Comment, and then fhow both why I afcribe it to Wickliffj and why I do it not with full Affurance, but with fome degree of Diffidence. I firft met with it in a Manufcript Volume (in 11°) belonging to the Li- brary of St. Johns College in Cambridge. The Volume con-- taii^ an E?^glijh Verfion of tlie ?falms,zv\di Hymns of the Church,, with the Athanafian Creed, produced. Paragraph by Paragraph, in Latin, interfperfed with ^\\ Englifh Verfion of each Paragraph, and commented upon quite through, Part by Part. After the Comment, follow Proverbs, Ecclefiaftes, Song of Songs, Wifdom^^wd Ecclefinfiicus , all in old Englifh, without Glofs or Comment. Now, the Reafons why I incline to afcribe the Comment to Wickliff, are thefe.

a TE.xpofitlo Symbolt, per Simonem Tornacenfis Ecclefiae Canonicum, & Parifienfem Do- aorem, qm Jtc incipit j Apud Arijiotelon Argumeiitum eft P.atio faciens Fidem, ied aped- Chriftum argunicntum eft Fides faciciii Raiionem. Ondm. Tom. 3. p. 30,

40 ANTIENT COMMENTS vfon

I Dr. Langhd'me, of J^eens College in Oxford^ in a Letter to Bifhop l^Kr, bearing Date A. D. 1647, tediiics that He had feen fiich a Comment, and that He found it to be Wickliff's^ by comparing the Beginning of it with B.tlej' This, very pro- bably, is the fame Comment 5 tho' there is no fuch Manufcript now in Mdz^et^lcu Colkiie Oxon^ as was in Dr. Latizy^ines Time.

2. All thofe Parts of Scripture which go before and after this Comment, in the fame Volume, are of the fame Verfion with That of Wicklijf's Bible in the Library of £;»^/?«f/ College, without any difference, (except that St. Johns Copy, being ol- der, retains the more antient Ipelling ) as I am well afllired by comparing them together : So that if thofe Parts be Wicklijf's, it may appear very probable that the Comment is his too. In- deed, our very learned Whm-ton was of opinion that the Verfion commonly afcribed to Wickliff^ was really John Trevifas who was a Contemporary of Wicklijf's, and Vicar of Berkely in Corn- -ivdl. But his Reafons for it have appear'd to Others not fa- tisfadory,*^ and have in part been confuted.'! \ i^n^ ^ot enter far into That Difpute, being ahiioft foreign to my purpofe : And it is not very material whether TVickliff, or Trevifa fif Either) be judged the Author of the Comment. This only I may obfervc, by the way, that Mr. Wharton s Argument drawn from the Nor- folk Manufcript of the Gofpels (Cod. 254J which He is pofi- tivc belongs to Wicklijf, appears to be of fomc weight, fo far as concerns the Neiv-Teflament 5 and the Inference may reach to feveral parts of the Old-Teftament alfo. Either ,Mr. JVharton mufl have been miflaken in afcribing the Norfolk Copy to TV/cklijf or die, for any thing I fee, his Argument will fland good. The CharacHerifiick which He lays down whereby to dillinguifh^/V/'-

a while I •teas there ( in M^gd. College Librnry) tumillnt, amor.^ft their Bocks, I light upon an old Enghfh Comment upon the yfalms, the Hymns of the Church, and Athanafius's Creed; which I prefently Cchjeiiured (tho' there be no nAme to it) to be Wickliff's. And comparing the Beginning wth Bale, found that I had not erred in the CcnjeBnre. Laogbaine. dfmng Ufhcr'j Letters- p. 5-1 ;.

b li'hartvn. Auftariutn Hiftor. Do^mat. p. 4if. 416.

c Oudin. Comn-cnr. de Scripror. KccleC Vol. 3. p. 1 044.

d Vid. Le Long B,bL Bibl. Vol. i. p. 416.

the ATHANASIAN CREED. 4^

U/Ts Verfion (namely, the frequent infcrtion of Syaon-ymous words) will by no means agree with the common Veruoii: And then the Specimen He gives of the two different rendrings of Luke 2. 7. is diredly contrary.* But a fuller Difcullion of that Point may be left with Thofe who have more leifure, and have more particularly ftudied it. I am content to fuppoie that the common Verfion afcribed to Wicklijj is really his : Per- haps He might give two Editions of it 5^ or elfe Trevifr\ may be little more than Wicklifs Verfion, correded, and poliih'd, with great Liberty, both as to Senie and Expreffion, where it appear'd needful. To proceed.

3, A third Reafon 1 have for the afcribing The Comment to ivicklif, is, that fome parts of it feem to fuit exadly with his Humour, and Manner, and Way of thinkings particularly the Gird upon Popes, and Cardinals in the Clofe.'^

Neverthelefs, 1 am far from being pofitive in This matter ; Much may be offer'd to take off" the Force of thefe Reafons, or to counter-ballance them. i. This very Comment is annex'd to a manufcript Commentary y upon the Pfalms and Hymns of the Church, now in Trinity-College Library in Cambridge: which Commentary appears not to he Wicklifs, tho' fuppofed to be his by Mr. Wharton.^ The Englijh Verfion of the Pialms going a-

a WicklePus fic reddit: And futtide Him in a Crauhe ; for place was not to Him in the

comyn Stable. . . , ^i ^ tt ■

Alrer interpres fic : And leide Him m a Crutche ; for there was no place to Him tn no

£haumi>re. \Vh3.non. ■p. ^i6. ^ ,, . ^u t-l i ■ l.

I haze a Manufcript of the NewTeJiament entire, belonging to our College Library, which

reads Luke: i. 7. according to the firft reading, and whch has many Inflames o/bynony-

mous Infertions every where. It is a different Verfion from That which ts commonly ajcribed

to Wickliff. ^ ^ „ . , ,.

b Pater, aut antiquiorem fuifTe quandam S. Scripturse TranQationem ^nglicam, aut

duplicem tuifle TfanQationis Wicleviant Editionem. Wharton. Auftor. Hift. Dogm, p. 456.

c And algtf this Crede accorde unto Prejlis, netheley the higher Prelatts, as Popis and

Cardynals, and BH(hoph JJmlden more fpecially Kunne this Crede, and teche it to Men tm-

dir hem Cotnin. on the Atiiin. Creed.

Compare fome words of WickM's Bilevx;. , /■ , /;

Ifuppofe, over this, that the Pope be moft o6liJl,id to the keping of the Gofpel among au

Men that liven here; for the Pope is higheft Vicar that Chrifl has here tn Erth. Collier.

Eccl. Hift. Vol. I. r- 71?. r A u M<s

d Cowmentarius in P/almos, aliofque SacvA Scripture ac Liturgii Ecclefiaftici Hymnos. MS. in Collegio S. Trinitatis Cantab. F. Commentarius in priores 89 Pfalmos habctur m:>. m Bibliothcca Lambethana. Wharton fub Wtchlef Append, ad Cav. H. L. p. f4-

E lon.f^

42 ANTIENT COMMENTS ujon

long with That Commentary, is not tiic fame with that oiWick- liff's Bible : I have compared them. The Commentary, and Ver- fion too arc reafonably judged to be Hampole's. I find by a Note left in a Blank Page at the Beginning ( (ign'd J. Eujjel) that there is a Copy of this Commentary in the Royal Library, (E. 15. 12.) but imperfed 5 the Prologue the very fame, and cx- prefsly aferibed to Richard oi Hampole : From whence it may be judly fufpcftcd that the Comment upon the Athanafian Creed at the end, appearing in part (for, two Leaves arc cut out) is Hampolesj as well as the reft. There is in Bennet Library, in Cambridge, another manufcript Copy of the fame Commen- tary (Mark'd, i-i. Catal. p. 69 J with the Comment upon the Creed entire. The Prologue I found to be fame as in the other,

o

as alfo the Comment on t\\z firjl Pfalmj by which I judge of the reft." The Comment on the Canticles^ at the end is like- wife the fame ; only the Canticles are not all placed in the fame Order. At the Bottom of the Second Leaf of the Commenta- ry, there is left this Note, by an unknown Hand : Author hujus Lihrij Richardus, Heremita de Hanipole. Now, if this Commen- tary really be Hampole's, of which I can fcarcc make any quc- ftion, it will appear highly probable that the Comment on the Creed is his too. 2. What favors the Sufpicion is, that here the Comment is annexed to other Comments in like Form with it felf, and not to meer Verjions as in the Manufcript of St. John's Library. Nay further, This Comment on the Creeds as it appears in St. Johns Copy, has the feveral parts of the Creed in Latin, and in red Letter, preftx'd to the rcfpcdive Verllon and Comment ; juft as we find, in Hampole, the leveral parts of each Pfalm exhibited firft in Larin^ and in red Letter : Which Circumftancc is of fome weight. 3 • Add to this, that there are lome Exprellions in the Comment on the Creed very like to thofe which are familiar with the Author of that Commentary on the Pfalms: Suchasthcfej /'/ is feidcormmly,that t her ben &cc. Clerkis fcin thus, and thus 5 fo that from /imilitudc of Style an

a Q. H^ether there bi not one, or tvo more (Copies of the [awe, in The ^oil\chr\. See the "^odlcizo Mmn/crif>t}, /« /^f Gwer.f/ Catalogue. N. 243S. iCHf.

Argument

7he AlEANASIAN CREED. 43

Argument may be drawn in favor of Hampok, as well as for Wid- M', Thefe Confidcrations fuffer me not to be pofitive on the other Side. The Comment may be Hampoles ; or it may be Wick- ///f' sj which latter Opinion I the rather incline to for the Reafons before o^iven, appearing to me fomething more forcible than the other, tho' not much. However it be, the Comment may be ufeful : and if it be HampoleSj it muft be fet 40 years higher than I have here placed it. The diftance of 30, or 40 years makes no great Alteration in any Language : So that meerly from the Language, efpecially in fo fmall a Trad, we can draw no Con*, fequence \.o \\\^ Author -^ excepting fuch peculiarities as may have been rather proper to this or that Mm, than to this or that Time.

Thefe are all the mtient Comments upon the Athmi^fim Creed that I have hitherto met with, or heard of; excepting only fuch as have no certain Author, or none mentiond.

Mumtorius informs us of Two Comments without Names, which are in manufcript, in the Amhrojim Library, near 600 years old. One of them bears for its Title, Expojitio Fidei Ca- tholics ', The Other has no Title. By the Age of the Manufcripts (if Mumtorius judges rightly thereof) one may be allured that That They are diftind and different from any of the Comments below AheUrd'. And that They are neither of them the fame with Bruno's, or Forttmatuss may reafonably be concluded, be- caufe MurMorius was well acquainted with Both, and would eafily have difcover'd it. Whether either of them may prove to be AbeUrds, which has for its Title Expofitio Fidei, and may fuit w^U with the Age of the Manufcripts, I know not. Mumtori- us, while He makes mention of Bruno, and Hildeg.irdis, whole Comments He had feen, fays nothing of AbeUrd's : So that pof- fibly one of his manufcript Comments may prove the fame with That. But if Neither of them be the fame v/ith AbeUrd^s, nor with each other,. They muft be allowed to pafs for Two diftind Comments, whofe Authors are not yet known.

Tentz^elius informs us of a namelefs Comment (whereof there are three manufcript Copies, one at Gotho; a fecond at B^^J/l, a third at Leipftck) which runs parallel with Bruno s Comments along with the Athmafmn Creed. He gives us a pretty large

F 2 Paragraph,

44 ANTIENT COMMENTS iifon

Paragraph, with which it begins , ' and which 1 have tran- fcribcd into the Margin. The Leipfick Manufcript is above 500 years old. W^hether This Comment be a diftinct one by- it fclf, or may fall in with Ibme or other of Thofe before mention'd, cannot certainly be known, unlefs we had Them all to compare. It is obfervable that The Paragraph, in the Margin, with very little alteration, occurs in HampoU's Latin Comment: Which begins alfo as Bmnos does, with Hie Beams Athdnnfms Liherum arbitrium pofuit. From whence I Ihould imagine that the Copies Tentzeliui refers to are nothing elfe but (o many Copies of HampoleSj were it not that one of them is confidently averr'd to be above 500 years old. If That be really fo, then Rich. Humpole muft be faid to have gather'd up his Comment out of Brums and the other, with little or per- haps nothing of his own: And fo Tentzelims will be a diftind Comment, older than Hampolis. I very much fufpedt , that Hampoles is really nothing elfe but a Collcdion from older Comments, without a Syllable of his own : And (o much the rather, if what I call Wicklijf's lliould prove to be Hampclc's, For, That EngUpj Comment has no refcmblance at all witli Hampoles fuppofed Latiri' One.

Nothing now remains," but to clofe This Chapter with a Tabic, as I have the former, reprefcnting in one view a Sum- mary of what is contained in it.

a In dextro prims pngim hiclegi.

Haec ratio Fidei Catholicae traditur in veteribus Codicibus a bcato ^najlafio AUxfirdn- ■10 fcripta. Et puto quod idcirco tarn pleno & brcvi fcrmone tradita fuenr, ut omnibus Catholicis 8c iDi'nus cruditis tutam dcfcnfioncm praflhret adverfus illam Tcmpcftatcm quam contrarius ventus (id eftj Diabolus cxcitavit per Arriittn: quam Te.npcftatcm qui f<;^ere defidcrar, banc Fidei veritatcm intcgre 6c inviolabilitcr tencar. Ttntz.el. p. uj.

A Table

The ATHANASIAn CREED.

45

A Table of the ARTIE KT COMMENTS,

A.D.| Commentators | Countiy I Title of the Creed.

570	Venmt. Tortund- tus	Poidicrs	Fides C^holica.
^$2\H'mcmar	Rheims	\Symboltmi Ath^nafii,
1033 Bruno	Wurtzburgh	Fides Catholic/^ S^n^li Athana- fti Epifcopi:
11 ioIMS. Amhrofmn.	1 Italy	[Fides Catholics.
II 10 ri2o	MS. alter Amhrof.	1- Italy	1.
Pet. AbaeUrdus	France	\Symholum Athdnafii.
\\7d\S. Hildegardis	1 France	1
iiSolMS. Lipjienf.	Germany	\Fides Andfiajii Pap£.
1 2 1 0 Simon Tonm- cenfis	France	Symholum Athiimifii. 1
1220 1340I	Alex. Neckhnm.	1 England	1
Rich. Hampolus |	England	[Athanafii Symbolum.

1380J John Wickliff

England

\Crede, or Salm, of Attmafie,

V.

CHAP,

4(J ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

CHAP. IV.

Latin Mannfcr'tps of the Athanafian Creed.

I

Coiitinc my felf in this Chapter to the LMm Manufcripts, fince the Creed was undoubtedly written originally in La- tm-y and therefore the Manufcripts in any other Languages will be more properly treated of in another Chapter, among the 7^^^- jions. None of the Learned at this Day make any queftion but that the Creed was originally a Lutin Compofurc. This They pretend to be certain of, and unanimoufly agree in; however doubt- fully they may fpeak of other Things, or however They may differ in their Opinions about the Age, or Author. Even Thofe, many of them, who have afcribcd the Creed to AthannfiuSy have yet been obliged by plain and irrefiftible Evidence to acknow- ledge, with the Legates of P. Gregory IXth, that it was original- ly ^Liitin. The Style and Vhrdfeology of the Creed ; its early Re- ception among the L^ins^ while unknown to the Greeks ; the Antiquity^ and Number of the Liitin Manufcripts, and their A- greement (for the moft p^rtj with each other, compared with the Lfttenefs, the Scarcenefs, and the Difagreement of the Greek Copies, all concur to dcmonftrate that this Creed was originally a Lmtin compofure, rather than a Greek one : And as to any other Language befides thefe two, none is pretended.

I proceed then to recount the Latin Manufcripts as high as we can find any extant, or as have been known to have been extant j and as low as may be necellary, or ufeful to our main Defign. A. D. T he oldeft we have heard of is one mention'd by Bifhop V^er, 600 which He had fcen in the Cotton Library, and which He judged to come up to the Age of Gregory the Great?- This Manufcript

a Latino-gallicum illud Pfalterium in Bibliothcca Cottonianav\d\mus: ficut 8c a}')i latina duo, lonse rrajoris antiquitatis; in quibiis, prsrter Hymnum Hunc (Sc. Te Deum) fine uUo' Autorii nomine, Hymnt ad mMntlnas, titulo infcriptum, & AthanafianHm habebatur Symbolum, 8c Apo floUc urn ^oi\<lcm oirnino.quot hodiernum noflnim continens Capirula. In priorc, quoJ Gregont I Tempore non fuifle rcccntius, turn ex antique Piadrx gencrc

^ has

the ATHAN/iSlAN CREED. 47

has often been appealed to fmce Ujhers Time, and upon the credit of Ufher, by the Learned on this Subjed : As particular- ly by Comber, VEfir^^inge, Tentz^elius, Tillemont, Le ,^ien, Mu-^ ratoriuSj NMalis Alexander, and perhaps feveral more. Momfau- con takes notice of Ufher s Manulcript j but obferves that Ujhet Himfelf allowed the Chara^er to he much later than the Time of Gregory^ Which would have been a ftrange inconMency in ufher, who forms his Argument for the Antiquity of the Ma- nufcript from the Character it felf, and from the a^tient kind of Piiltire. But Montfaucon is plainly miftaken , confounding what Ufher had faid of Another Manufcript, in Bennet Library at Cambridge^ with what He had faid of the Cotton Manufcript at Wejlminfter. The Two Manufcripts are very diftind, and dif- ferent as poflible 5 nor has the Latter any Athanafian Creed in it : Only, its being called Gregorys r falter, occafion'd, I fuppofe, the miftake of making it the fame with the other. Te?zt' z,eUu^ feems firft to have confounded them together : And pro- bably Montfaucon followed Him implicitely, not having Ufher at hand to confult 5 which would immediately have difcovered the Fallacy. Were there no other Objection againft Ufher s Ma- nufcript befide what hath been mention'd, all would be Vv'ell, But it is of greater weight to obferve, that there is not, at This Day, in the Cotton Library any fuch manufcript Copy of the Athanafian Creed ; nor indeed any Latin Pfaltcr that can come up to the Age of Gregory, or near it. There is an antient ? fal- ter ^iiark'd Vefpafian A) wix)te in Capitals, and illuminated 5 and which might, by the CharaBer, be as old as the Time of Gregory the Great j were it not certain, from a Charter of K. Ethelbald,

collig;tijr, turn ex Literarum Forma Grandiiifcula, Athanafianum (\\i\itvni'Eidei Catholic£>

-^ilterum vcro Symio'i Apojiolorum pTxkrt Tkuluw. In pofteriore, quod Regis-

JEthelfia»i a,\iqu:indo fait, Afiojiolicum, vice verla, Symbolum fimpliciter, alterum autem 7idei SanUi Athanafii Alexmdrini "nuncupatur. UH^r. deSynib. Prsf. p. 2, 9.

a Codicum omnium quihadenus vifi memorarique font, antiquiiTiir.us ille eft qui ab I7/em laudatur, ^MoGregorii ALi^wi confcriptLis j fi tamen ea vcre lit ejus MS. a;tas; ram addit Ujferim, fcripturam dvo Grfgorii longe ejfe tcftenorem. Montf. Diatr. p, 711.

b In Pfalterio Graeco Papse Gtegorii, ur prifert Titulus (Tcriptura enini sevo Gregorh lOfige eft poftcriorj Pfalterio videlicet Grsco & Romano, latinis utroque literis defcnpto, quod in Benedi^tni, apud Cmtubngtenfes, Collegii Bibliotheca eft reconditum, Ufl'er. de Symb. p. 9.

c Tentz,elii Judic £ruditor. p. 49, £/ Exercit. Selea. p, ic>.

Wiittca

48 ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

written in the fame Hand, and at the fame Time, and formerly

beloni;ing to it/ that it cannot be let higher than the year 7 1 9 when EthelhM began to reign.

This Vjdter has the Te Deum^ with the Title of Hymnus W Miitutinurfi, as Ufhers had ; and alfo the Athdnajitin Creed with the Title of Fides Catholics \ but Both in a very different and much later Hand than That of the P falter it Seifj later by fe- veral -Centuries, as the very learned Mr. Wmley^ JLidges, v/ho fets the Age of the ? falter about 1000 years, but of the Atha- nafian Creed, &c. at the Time of the Norman Conqueft. A Sufpicion, however, may from hence arife, that This very f falter, with what belongs to it, might be the ? falter &c. which V^er fpake ofj elpecialiy fmce there is none other in the Cotton Library at all like it. But, on the contrary, it is to be confider'd, that This ? falter has no Apoftolical Creed at all in it, which V^er affirms his to have had : Nor has it the .Hym?ms Matuttnus, beginning with, Gloria in excelfis Deo, which Ufhers alfo had.'^ Neither is it at all probable that, if Uj)jer had intended the P falter now extant in the Cotton, He ihould give no hint of the Saxon Vcrfion going along with it ; efpecially confidcring that it might be made an Objeclionto its Antiqui- ty. Nor do 1 think that fo inquifitive a Man as up)er could cither have being ignorant of the Age of Ethelbald, or of his charter having been once a part of That Manulcript. In his Hijloria Dogmatical He takes notice of this very P falter ( now

a Conftat vero ex Hijforia & Svfiopft Biblioth Cottonia-ijs, quam in iiigens Reip. litera- r\x Bcneficium cdidit, aniplificandis bonis Litcris natus, doftifflmus Thomas Smuhm no- ftcr, & indtculo Pfalterii latini in majufculis fcripti cum Vcrfione Saxonlc:* intcrlineari, O'jod notatur Vefp.i/iMi. A. I. Chartaiii hinc {JEihdbaUi R. Aujlralmm Saxonnm) ex ifto MS. cxfciflam cfle. Quod etiam illius quum mcnfura qu« cum Foliis illius MS. quad- rat, turn etiam Manns in utroquc prorf js eadem, turn dcniquc Locus MSS, unde itifla eft, inter Folia X, & XI, codicem vertcntibus oftaidit. Hukef. Dijftrt, Epijl. in Lmgn. Scptentr. Thefaur. p 67.

b Vid. M^anltii Cii\.&\. MSS. Septentrion. p. lit.

c Ad Fincm vcterum Ffalterioruni Latinorum, cum ^pofiolico 8c Athanafiano Symbo- lo, etiam Hymnus iftc (^c. Gloria Sac.) habctur adjecftus. in antiquifTimo Cotioniano ir- ■tmy^ap^ eft: in JEthtlftaniano proximo, Hymnus in die Domtmco ad Matutinas, infcri- bitur. Uffer, dc Symbol, p. 7,1,.

d In Bibliothcca D, Koberti Cotton cxtat Pfaltc-ium Romanum vctuftifTunum, cum vcr. fione interlincnri Saxonica: Clnrader idem cum charta JEtJpilbaltli Anglorum Regis, anno 736 dat2. Ujfer Hislo. Dogmat. p. 104,

marked

%e ATBAKASIAN CREE^. 4;,

marked, Vefpajim A) and of the Saxon Verfion in it, and like- wile of its being in the fame Hand with Ethelbald's Charter : And there He lets the Age of it no higher than the year 7 3 6, ( that is, above 1 3 o years later than Gregory I. ) without the leaft Hint that He had ever miftaken the Age of it before, or had thought otherwife of it than He did at the Time of his writing this later Treatife. Thefe Confiderations convince me that Billiop U/Jfj^-r had feen fome other Manufcript, which hasfince That Time, like many more,* been loft, or ftoilen from the Cottoji Library. He that was i^o accurate in^every Tittle of what he fays of K. Athelfians Pfalter, (mention'd at the fame Time ) could never have been fo negligent, or rather plainly carelefs, in re- fped of the other. I conclude therefore, that there really was Ilich a pfalter as Ujher defcribes, with the Athanafian Creed in it > fuch as He judged to be of the Age of Gregory I, from more Marks than one : And how good a Judge He was in Thofe Matters, is well known to as many as know any thing of That Great Man, one of the brighteft Ornaments of his Age, and thoroughly vers'd in all kinds of Literature.

Next to This o^ Bijhop Ufber we may place the famous Ma- 660 nufcript of Treves, from which the Colbert Manufcript (to be mention'd hereafter in its place) was copied. Mr. Anthelmi fets it as high as the year 450, upon a prefumption that the Col- bert Manufcript is as old as the year 600, and that 150 years may reafonably be allow'd between the Colbertine Copy and TUat from which it was Copied. Tillemont, fuppofing, or ad- mitting the Colbert me to be near the Age that Anthelmi men- tions, yet thinks 5 o years difference might be fufficient ; and that therefore the Age of the Treves Manufcript might be fix'd at 550, or thereabout.'' But, iince the Colbert Manufcript can- not reafonably be fet much higher than 760, as we fhall fee in its proper place; Llliall not pretend to fet the Treves Ma- nufcript above 660 ; and that only under the favourable Al- lowance of a probable Conjecture. The Authority of this Ma- nufcript of Treves ftands upon the Credit of a Paifage prefix'd

a Vid. rho. Sm'iibt Praefationem ad Catalag. MSS. Bib'. Cotton. <b TilUmcnt Merrioircs. Tom. 8. p. 670.

G to

50 ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

to the Colbert ine Copy/ which declares that the latter was co- pied from a Maiiulcript found at Treves. It was not a Copy of the i?Hire Creed, but began at the Second Part wliich relates to the Incarnation. For, after the Words, believe rightly the In- carnation of our Lord Jefus Chrift, (being only part of the fore- going Sentence) follows j For^ the right Faith is, that we believe , and fo on to the end of the Creed. This remaining part of the Creed is very different from the common Copies, and feems to have been fo contrived with defign, as 1 Ihall have occafion to obferve more at large in the Sequel. And it is to me an Argu- ment that the Manufcript was written while the i^^/jV^^/^^ Con- troverfy was at the Height, about the End of the 5th Century, or Beginning of the Sixth 5 tho' 1 here fet it a great deal lower, becaufe This is not the Place to explain that matter fully, nor would I too far indulge a bare Conje^ure. It is fufficient to fuppofe ir written in the Vllth Century, as it was undoubted- ly copied from, as early if not earlier than the Vlllth. 700 After the Manufcript of Treves, may juftly follow the Ambro- fian Manufcript, which is in the Ambrofian Library at Milan j a Copy of which has been publilh'd by Muratorius, in his Second Tome of Anccdota. It was brought thither from the famous Monajlery of Bobbio (of High-Lombardyj in the Milaneje) found- ed by Columbanus, A. D. 6 1 3. The Character of the Manufcript is Langobardickr, and it is judged by Muratorius (who has more par- ticularly examin'd it) to be above 1 000 years old.'' By his Account then, who wrote in the year 1698, we ought to fet the Age of This Manufcript higher than 698. Yet, becaufe Montfaucon^ who in his Travels through Italy had alfo feen it, puts it no iiigher than the Vlllth Century,*-" we lliall be content to place

a H«c inveni I'reviris in uno Libro fcriptum, fie incipiente, Domini nofiri Jefa Chrifii {y- reUqua. Domini nrftn Jvfu Chrijli fiileliter rrcJat. Apiid Montf. Diatrib. p. 72-8.

b In alio etian^ vetuftiHimo Ambrolianae Bii^liothccx Codicc ante mille cr> plitres annos fcripto, Symbolum idem fum nadtu?. Murator, Tom. i. p. i6-

Cxteruni opuiculum Hoc (bachiarii Fides) mihi dcpromptum eft ex antiquiflimo-r^;»- hrofinn*. Biblioih^cac Codice, quern ante Anna minimum mtlle conlcriptum, CharaAcrum Forma non (^ubitantcr teftatur. Fuit autem olim Celebris Monafterii Bcbienfis, ftc ex illo in Amirofianam UMiHitaa migoo Card. Frederico Borromio &c. Murator. Tom. i. p. 8. item p. 114.

c Codex VllI- Ssculi, Charafterc Lungobardico, in quo CemaJii liber dc Ecdcfiafticis

it

Tk ATHANASIAN CREED. 51

it between theVIIthand Vlllth, or in the year 700, to make it a round Number. There are in this Manufcript fome Re^Jmgs different from the common Copies j v/hich lliall be carefully noted hereafter. It is without any Title.

We may next fet down K. ^//7^//?WsP falter, of which Bifhop 70% Ujher had taken Notice, making it next in Age to the other moft antient one of the Age of Gregory I. He and Dr. Gr^be Both fix the Date of it to the year 703, from the Rule of thzCde?^- dar found in it." Dr. Srrikh, in his Catalogue of the Cotton Ma- nufcripts, inclines to think that the Manufcript is later than That Time, but taken from one that was really as early as the year 703 j the later Copift tranfcribing (as fometimes has been) the Book and the Rule word for word, as He found Them.^ Allowing This to have been the Cafe here (tho* it be only Conjedurej it will ftill be true that there was a Manufcript of the Age of 703, with This Creed in it; from whence the later One, now extant, was copied : which ferves our pur- pofe as well 5 and the reft is not material. I have nothing farther to obferve, but that the Vfdter wherein This Creed is, is the Gdlicm Pfalter, not the Rom^.n; and the Title is. Fides SanBi Athmafii Alexmdriniy The Faith of St. Ath^nafms of Alexandria : The oldcft Monument, of any we have extant, afcribing this Creed to Athmafms; excepting only the Coun- cil of Autun in 670, if we may depend upon the G?;^^;^ afcribed to it.

Dogmatibus, Baehimi Fides, Symholum ^thanafii, omnia eadem raanu. Montfattc. Diar. Ital. p. 18.

a Pfalterium illud anno cierx noflrx Chriilianse 703, longe ante JEthelflani regnantls Tempora, ex Regulis KcilencUrio in libri initio fubjunftis fcriptum fuilFe deprehendi, t/^er. de Synib p. 6.

Quod Regis Mthelfiani fuilTe dicitur, atque Anno 703 Scriptum eft. Gral>ii Prologom. in Pfalt. Alexandr. c. 5. .

b Hie vero venerandx Antiquitatis Liber fere ante mille Annos defcriptus; ut Quibuf- dam ex Calendario, quod Annum Chrifti 705, certo deiignat, illic prEfixo videtur. Sad cum Librarios eandem Temporis adnotationem, quse ad vetuftilTimos Codices proprie 8c

peculiariter Speftat, fuis exemplaribus appofuiffe faepiffime obfcrvaverim —an fit

jlle ipfe Codex autographus qui tantam prae fe ferat atatem, vel annon potius fseculo, sut circiter, ante Tempera &theljlani dclcriptus, vix pro certo prsftareiiij ad poftcriorem fententiara favcntiori animo inclinaturas. Smith. Bibl. Cotton. Hiftor. p. 44.

G 2 Wc

5t ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

760 We may now take in the Colbertme Copy, of which I have before fpokcu, referring the Date of it to the year 760, or thereabout. Montfdiicon fets it abo\'e the Age of Charles the Cireutt^ allowing ic to ha\e been written about the Time of Te^in^ who began to reign in the year 752. So that I can- not be much out of Time in placing it as I have done. It is written in Saxon Cliaracler, and is imperfect 5 wanting the lirft Part, above one Half of the Creed, jufl as the Manufcript of Treves from which it v/as copied.

760 The Manufcript of St. Germans j at Paris, is intire, and of the fame Age with the former.^ It is mark'd, num. 257, and written in a Saxon Letter, as well as the other. The Title, Fides Sancii Athanafii Epifcopi Alexa/idrix. It differs in fome places from the common Copies fas Ihall be noted hereafter) tho' not near fo much as the Colbert Manufcript before men- tion'd.

772 Next to thefe is the famous Manufcript of Charles the Create at tlie end of a Gallic an Pfalter, written in Letters of Gold, and prefented by Charlemagne , while only King of France, to Pope Adrian I, at his firlt Entrance upon the Pontificate, in the year 772. Lambecius in his Catalogue of the Emperors Li- brary at Vienna, where I'his Manufcript is, gives a large Ac- count of it.'-' The Title is > Fides Sancii Athanafii Epjcopi A- lexofidriniy

SCO There is Another Manufcript in the i?o^^/ Library at Farts-,

a Nongentos fupcrat Annos,C(?/^?r//««i codex 78+. Saxonicis defcriptus Uteris, &, mca quidem fententia, ante statem Caroli Magni cditus— — Sunt qui Codicem ilium i loc annorum efle adfirmarunt : Vcrum periti quique xvo circiter P//>/«/ exaratum arbitrantur. Mcntf. Diatr. p. 711.

Nee tamen Codicis Colbert'mi Auftoritate nititur Hasc Sententia, quam arbitratur An- thelmius iK.o annoruni. Rtenim fquod pace viri cruditifllmi, mihique aniicifTimi dica- 'ur) multo minoris aetatis Codex efTe comprobatur ; nemo cnim peri'.us cui Librum ex- iiibucrim, Oflavo earn Siculo antiquiorcm arftimavir. Mentfauc. ibid. p. 724.

b Paris Saltern Antiquitatis cfl: Sangerm;inenfis noftcr, num. if?. Saxonicis pariter literis cxaratus, qui Titulum habcl, Fides SauHi Athntmfii Epifcopi Alexandra. Montf. p. 711.

c Lambecii Catnl. Biblioth. Vindobonenf. Lie 5. p. %6i. 29(5. 8cc. Carolus Magma proprio carmine luo tcftatur fe ilium Codicem fummo I'ontifici Hadriano I. dono mi- iifTej 8c qutdem. ut ego arbitror, illo iplb Anno 771. cujus die decimo Februarii jam memoratus Hadrianns in fummum Pontificepi clcdus eft. Lambec, ibid.

X mark'd.

Ih ATHANASJAN CREED. 55

mark'd 4908, which Montfmcon judges to be near 900 years old/ He wrote in the year 1698. So if w^e place it in the year 800, we Ihall want a Httle of 900 years, from That Time. He fuppofes it of very near the fame Age with the Vienna, MantUcript. It bears no Tttky nor any Name, or Note of the Author.

I may here place a Manufcript of Benet College Library in 850 Cambridge y whole Age I cannot certainly fix to a year ; But by all Circumftances it cannot well be fuppofed later than This Time. It is at the end of a ? falter, which by comparmg I find to be a Gdlican Pfaltcr. It feems by the Names of Samts, and other marks, to have been written in England. Bilhop Parker left a Remark in it about it's being in the pofleflion firft of one of the Arch-biihops of Canterbury, and at length conveyed down to the Hands of Beckett who was Arch-bilhop of G«;2- /d-r^/^rj in the year 11 62. The great Antiquity of the Manufcript appears from the Martyrs, ConfeJJors, and Virgins addrefs'd to in it 5 all of the early Timcs.^ There are fome few Variations in This Copy, fuch as are alfo found in the moft antient Manufcripts of this Creed ; particularly the word, Et, frequently inferred be- fore Spiritus Sanclus, which has been fince eras'd by fome offi- cious Hand. The Title is obfervable; Fides SancH Anaflhafii Epifcopi. Anajlhafiij for Athanafii, by a Tranfpofition of Syl- lables.

Montfaucon informs us of a Manufcript in the Colbert Libra- 860 ry, Num. 1339, which once belong'd to Charles the Bald,^ w^ho di^ in the year 8775 began to reign 840. It cannot therefore

a Regius Codex, num. 4908 annorum penc nongentorum, nullum habet Titulum, nul- lumque Aucloris nomen. iEquahs ipfi eft, qui memoratur a Lambecio &c. Montf. ibid, p. 7ZI.

b Hoc Pfalterium {^N. X] laminis argenteis decauratum, 8c gemmis ornatum, quon- dam fuit N. Cantuar, Archiep. tandem venit in manus ThowA Becket quondam Cant. Ar- chiep. Quod teftarum eft in vctfri fcripto. Matth. Cant. Vid. Catal. MSS.CC. C. C.p. 43.

c In Litaniis, Orate pro nobis, Sanfte Contujlor, Sanfte Herafme, Sanfte OwoUe 8cc. Martyres. S^n(keCuth&erte, Siniie Germme, SunGiG Placide, Sandte Columbane, S&n&cCau- re»r/«c&c. Confeflbres. Sanfta Br/^^rV/^, Sanfta £//^e>7//?, Szr\^2.'Euklia, Szv.Aa Petronella, &c. Virgines. Et non funt hifce recen.tiores. Catal. JVISS. B;bl. C.C C.C. p. 43.

d Colbertinus N. ijjp. Qui fuit Karuli Cahi iraperatorisj inCcribituri Fitles Athana-- fii. Moutfauc Diatrib. p. 7ii.

be

3 4 ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

be much amrfs to fix upon 860 for the Date of it. The Title it bears is l-ides yithm^Jii.

S 3 ^ There is a Second Manufcript Copy of the Ath^nafinn Creed, ill the Library of Be7iet (or Corpis chrifli) College, mark'd N. O. V. It is at the end of a Gdlican Pfalter, in the fame hand, and carrying its certain Date with it. It was written in FrancCy by Order of Count Amadeus^ or Ach^dem\^ and in the year 883, as appears from the Litnitj.^ The Title is. Fides Ca- tholics.

930 Mr. Wsinlcj gives us an Account of a Roman Pfalter in the Ro)d Library, ( formerly of St. James's ) with an interlinear Saxon Vcrfion to it, written about the Time of King Athel- flm."^ Among the Canticles at the End, there is alio This Creed, under the Title of Hjmnus Athanafii : A Title w^hich feems to have been then cuftomary in England, as may be probably ar- gued from a Saxon Verfion (to be hereafter mention'd) of the fame Age, or very near, and bearing the like Title.'i I muft be fo juft to my Reader as to acquaint Him, that after diligent, and repeated Search into the King^ Library, This Manufcript could not be found : So that I cannot be abfolutely certain that hlymmis Athanajii means this Creed. But yet I can fcarcc make any doubt of it, confidering the Vlace it has among the Canticles, and that This very Title ufed to be given to the Creed.

957 In the Arch-biihop's Library, at Lambeth, there is a Galilean Pfalter, written, according to Mr. Wa-nley,^ in the Time of King Edgar, or a little before. At the End, there is the A- thanafian Creed in the fame antient Hand, with an interli-

a Ad Finem Pfalterii, AchaJeus, mifericorilia Dei ccmes hunc P/alterium ftribere jujft. Vid. Catal. MSS. p. 46.

b Oratur, tit Marinum Apojlolicum in Sanffa religione confervare digntrts, ut Karloman- num Kegem perpetua profperitate confervare dignern : ut Regmam confervare digneris: $tt Tiilconem Epifcoptim cum omni grege fibi commijjo in tuo apto fervitw confervare digneris. Vid. Catetlng. MSS. C.C. C.C. p. 47-

c Jf^«/f/» Catal -MS. Septentr- p. iSi.

d Hymnus Athmafii de Fide Trinitaris. Vid. Wootoni con/peHnm Brevem opera Hicke-

fiani. p- 77.

c TVanlTii Catal. p. 169. EaJgari Regis Anglofaxonum Temporibus, aut paulo ante, ut

vidctur, cxaratiis. ' '

Wharton, Auaarium Hiftoriac Dogmatical p. 374- Alfred^ ^irxxvn rccentior vidctur.

near

The ATHAN/ISIAN CREED. 5^

near Saxo^ Vcrfion. The Title, Fit^es Cafhclka S^n^i Atha- n/ifn Epifcopi.

There is another Manufcript Copy of this Creed, much of 970: the fame Age with the former, in my Lord Hurleys elegant Li- brary, richly furniOi'd with all kinds of curious, and valuable Manufcripts. This Creed is at the End of a Gallicdn Pfalter, and has an interlinear S^xon Verfion to it. Mr. Wanley who was fo kind as to acquaint me with it, and to favor me with a fight of it, refers it to the Time of King Edgar 5 who began his Reign in 957, and died in 973. The Title is, Eides Catholica^ Athi^nafti Alexandr'mi Epifcopi.

In the Cotton Library, there is a Gdlicm Pfalter, with Saxon 103 1 interlined fmark'd ViteU'ms. E. 18.) which Mxi.Wanley refers to the year 103 1.' The Athmmfian Creed at the End, as ufual, among the other Canticles, bears the Title of Fides Catholics Athanafii Epifcopi Alexandrmi.

In the Norfolk Library, there is alfo a C^/Z/V^^^ Pfalter, whofe 1050^ Age is fix'd by Mr. Wanley^ to the Time of Ed^vard the Confef- for. The Creed is in it, and has an interlinear Saxon Verlioa running along with it. The Title, Fides Catholic a Athanafii Alex.

In Benet College Library is a manufcript Copy of this Creed 10^4 without any Title. The F falter wherein it is, is called Fortiforium ofwaldi^ and is mark'^d, K. i o. An Account of the Book may be feen in Mr. Wanley, and in the Catalogue.

I may here place the Cotton Manufcript before mention'd, 1066 bou^d up with the 2inticnt Roman Pfalter mark'd, Fefpafian A ; tho' of a very different, and much later Hand. The Creed has an interlinear Saxon Verfion, as ufual 5 and its Title is. Fides Catholic a. Mr. Wanley judges it to be as old as the coming in of the Normans.^

Of the fame Age'^ is tlie Roman Pfalter in our Publick Li- io64 brary at Cambridge^ witli the Latin Text in black Letter, a Saxon. Verfion in red, and the Titles in green. The Creed is inter-

a V/xnU\i Catal p.222. 1.^\. Smith. Catal. Cotton, p. lOr. b Wanliit Catal. MSS. Septentr. p. 291. c iVanle'u Catal. p. aii. ^w/V/?. Bibl. Cutton. Hiflor. p. jj-.. i. IVmlmQzxA- p. 152.

lined

«\'

S6 ANTIERT LATIN MSS, of

lined witli Saxon, as well as the Vfaiter, but has no Title : For, from this Time, I conceive, The Title began to be left out in fome Copies, for Brevity fake, or becaufe it was thought fuperfluous.

It will be needlefs to take notice of any Manufcripts below this Time, excepting only fuch as contain fomething ffitr- ticidar.

1090 <^iicfnel,'' and after Him Tagi^ fpeaks of a manufcript Copy of this Creed in a Brevity and Pjlilter for the uie of the Monks of Mount Caffin, judged to be about 600 years old. I fuppofe, This may be the fame Breviary that .^eftiel has made Obfervations upon, in another Work, which I have not fecn, but find referr'd to by Father Le Long:^ And there J^^/^ nel fixes the Age a little below io'^6 , paulo pojl Annum 108 (5. The Title of the Creed is, Fides Sii Athanafii Epijcopi: The Letter, Langohardick.

1120 In my Lord Harleys Library I had a fight of a Manufcript writ- ten in Germany about 600 years ago, fortheufe of the Church of Augsburg 5 which bears for its Title ; Fides Anaftafti Fpifcopi.

T24.0 Ujher takes notice of a Copy of This Creed then in the Royal Library at St. Jarizes^ ( formerly belonging to Lewis the IX) the Title, Fides Catholic a.

1300 Montfaucon informs us of a Latin and a French Copy of this Creed found in a Manufcript about 400 years old j placed in oppofite Columns. What is remarkable is, that the Latin has for its Title Canticum Bonifacii^ and the French over againfi the other, Ce chant St. Anaiflaife qui Apofioilles de RomeA

In the Bodleian at Oxford, there is a manufcript Copy of this Creed ( num. 1204) which has for its Title, Anafiafii Fx- pofitio SymboU Apofiolorum. It is about 300 years old, and be- long'd oncp to the Carthufian Monks at Mcntz-. The Carthu- Jians are particularly noted for their more than common Ve- neration for this Creed, reciting it every day at the Prime, as

a ^ffntl. Diflert. XIV. aci Leon. Opcr. p. 731.

b Pagt Critic, in Biroii. Vol. i. p. 44.1.

c Le Long Bib!. Bibl. Vol. 1. p. 144.

<i Montfaiicon. Diatrib. p. 712.727. >•

Cardinal

1400

The ATHANASIAN CREED. 57

Cardinal 5^;^/? teftifies, both of Them and the Ambrofiam-,' which I remark by the way. I obferve, that the German Copies of this Creed, for 5, or 6 Iiundred years upwards, have moft com- monly Amfiafms. inftead of Athmafms. I make no queftion but that This firft arofe from a Miftake of the Copifts, and not out of any Defign. One may perceive, that Anaftajius is fometimes v/ritten where ^-^^^^^^^^ oi Alexandria mufil have been intended, and none elie. 1 fuppofe, at firft, fome Copies had accidentally Amjihafms for Atharmfms (as one in Benet College Library men- tion d above) by a tranfpofition of letters or fyllables ; as eafi- ly happens in writing, or fpeaking. Thus Phrunmm for Fhnrnu- • tus, Marivadiis for Varirnadus, and the like. NoW, when the Copies had thus introduced Amfthafms, {Anaf-tha, for Atha-naf:) Thofe that came after left out the /?, to make it Anafiafms , That being a common Name, which the other was not. This I thought proDcr to hint tliat it may appear how little reafon there i^ for afcribing this Greed to Anafiafius, whether of Rome-, or of Antioch, or Any Other.

I have now run through the Manufcriprs of greateft note, or ufc, either for Antiquity, or for any thing f articular, to give light to our further Inquiries. Two only 1 have omitted, which have been thought confiderable j not fo much in themfelves, as upon account of the other Tra^s They were found to be join d with. I would iiavc taken notice of them in tlieir place, had I certainly known what Time to refer them to. The one is the Manufcript found in tl^e Library of Thuanus (Codex Thuanem) annex'd to fome Trads which were once fuppofed to belong to Vitilius Tapfenjis, tho' now certainly known to be none of his. _^ejnel was much pleas'd with the Difcovery of this Manu- fcript, as favouring his Hypothefis about Figilius rapfe?2fis:^ And

a Bona de Divin. Pfalmod. c. i8. p. 897. 90°' .

b Abioluta Diflertationum noftrarum Editione, inveni Codicem Thimieim, m quo Dia- logus V>giln Tapfcnfis adverfus Ariams, Sabellianoi, & Fhothiimos legitiir, fub hoc Titulo; iKcipit Altercatio Athanafn cum H^refibus. Port hunc Traftatum habccur Symholum Nicp w{frj, 8c Formula Fidei Ariminenfis Concilii, quam proxime fequkur Symbolmn Aihanaji- anum cum hoc F.pigraphe: VUei dia» a SanSlo Athanafio Epifcopo. Porro, Conjeftura: noftrae de AuSore hujus Symboli non parum fuffragatur. quod in anticinijjimo^ Codice il- ligatum rcperiatur Opufculo cui nomen Athanafit pariter proefixum legitur, led quod Vt- ntlii Tapfenfis efle indubitatum habetur 2<c. ^uefnelin Addend, p. 913.

'^ ^^ "^ II Anthel^

5 8 ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

Anthelmius has taken fome pains in confuting Him ; {howing that the fuppolcd Works of Vigtlim arc none of his, * and that if they were, yet no certain Argument could be drawn from thence to make f'/^i//«i Author of the Creed; fince it is a com- mon Thing for Trads of feveral Authors, efpecially if They relate to the fame Subjedt, to be tack'd to each other.

The Second Manufcript is one that was found annexed to x\\z Fragments oi HiUry oi Voiciiers -^ which Circumftance was i;hought a reafon for afcribing this Creed to HiUry. VoJJius firft, and after Him many Others throw it off as a very fliglit Ar- gument, fuicc the Manufcript pretended is very modern, nor is the Creed afcrib'd to HiUry in that Manufcript, but only bound up with his Fragments, as any other Work might be, however little akin to them. Montfuucon takes notice of This matter, in few words,'= Tentz^elius more at large.'^ It is fufficient for me juft to have hinted it.

Having now given as particular Account as was needful of the more antient Latin Manufcripts of this Creed, I may juft obferve that as to Modern ones, they are innumerable, there be- ing fcarce any manufcript Utin Pfalter of modern Date but what has the Creed in it> and generally without a Title. I may next fubjoin a Table of the Manufcripts here recited, reprefen- ting in one Viev/ the Age, the Title, the Country where writ- ten, and the kind of Pfalter wherein found : All which Cir- cumftances will be of ufe to us in our following Inquiries. Particularly, as to the P falters, it will be of moment to obferve whether They be Roman, or Gallican -, becaufe from thence we may be able to difcover in what Places, or Countries, this Creed was lirfl: received, according to their ufe of This, or That

a Vtd. Montfaiic. Athan. Op. Tom. 2. p. 60;. 714..

b Invcnirur id fimiliter in Fragmentis HiUni hiftoricis in Cod. vetcri part, 2. Sub Fmem. FeUhman. Var. Leift, Open. Athan. p. 83.

c Hilario nonnulli adfcriptum voluerunt, quia ninairum in Codicc r^uodam cxftat pofl yiilarii Fragmcnta. Quafi vcro id non vulgo & in plcrifque Cod;cibus obfcrvetur, ut mulra diverforum opera confcqucntcr in manufcriptis dcfcribentur. Cum autem in eiuCmodi Codice pofl Hilariana opera, nullo praEmifTb Au(floris nomine cornpareati hinc, Mtijam fupft diximus, inferenduni, turn cxaratum tuilTe cum pro Afhanafiano nondum rulj^o haberetur. Mont/. Diatrib. p-723> ' '

d Tentztl. Judic. Erud. p. a, 3. ^e. n

Pfalter.

The ATUANASIAN CREED. 55?

Pfdter. But becaufe, perhaps, fome Readers may be at a lofs to know what we mean by thofe different Names of Roman, and Gallkan Pfalters 5 it may not be improper here to throw in a few previous Inftrudions relating to the different kinds of Latht Pfalters, and the Names they have gone under.

There are four kinds, or forts, of Latin Pfalters 5 which have pafs'd under the Names of It dicky Romany Galilean^ and Hebrmck. One of them was before Jerom\T'm\Q,\ the Three laft are all Jeromes as He had a Hand, more or lefs, in every one of them. I fhall treat of them diftindly, in their Order, as follows.

I. The Itdick Latin Pfalter, is of the old Tranflation, or Verfion, fuch as it was before Jerom's Time. I fhall not enter into the Difpute whether it were one Verfion, or many. The common Opinion is, that there were feveral Latin Verfions before Jerom,"- but one more Eminent than the refl called Ita- lick^ as being received into common ufe in Italy."^ However that be, it is become cuflomary with fuch as treat of this Sub- jed, to fpeak of all that was extant before Jerome as of One Verfion^ under the Name of Fetus Vdgata, or Verfio Italica. There are intire ? falters of this old Verfion, print ed^ and manufcript -^ tho' now no where in ufe in Divine Offices, except fuch par- cels of it as, having been antiently taken into the Roman Mif- fals, or other old Liturgies, remain there flill, the People being accuftom'd to them, and there being no great neceillty for cl^anging them. But all the intire Pfalters in uie are of another kind. Martianay, in his Edition of Jerom's Works, once intend- ed to give us an intire and corred Pfalter ('with fome other of the Sacred Books) of the old Italick Verfion. But the Various

a Quienim Scripturas ex Hebrxa Lingua in Linguam Gr&cam verterunt numerari pof- funt, 'Latim autem interpretfs nullo modo: ut enirn. Cuique primis Fidei TeriTporibiis in manus venit Codex, & aliquantulum facnltatis fibi utriufque LinguK habere videbatur, aufus eft interpretari. Auguft. "de Doftr. Chriftian. 1. a. c. xl. p. if. Tom. 3.

b In ipfis autem interpretationibus Itala CJeteris prscferatur: nam eft verborum tenacior cum perfpicuitate fententiae. Auguft. ibid. p. 17.

c Ecclefia latina a principio, vel ferme a principio, ufa eft vcrfione latina Teftamenti Vet. ex Graeca tSk 0 tranflatioue fadla, qux Itala vulgo dicebatur, quoniam in /?a/m prius ufitata in alias inde latinoruni Ecclefias recipiebatur. Humphr. Hodins. De Biblior. Text. Origin, p. 342.

d Le Long Biblioth. Bibl. Vol. 1. p. 245.

H 2 Legions

60 ANTIENT LATIN MSS. of

Leciions were fo many, and fo different, that the Work appear'U too laborious and ditHcult for Him ; for which rcafon He then laid it afide." This Vcrfion, or Vcrfions, is what all the Latins iifcd before Jerom 5 and many alfo after Him, the Africans efpe- ciaily , down to the Vlth Century at leaft, or beginning of the Vllth.

2. The Roman Pfalter is not very different from the Old Jta- lick. It is nothing ellc but That Old Verfion curforily, and in part, corrected by Jerom^ in the Time of Pope DamaJ'uSj A. D. 3 8 3 . It has had the Name of Roman, becaufe the Ule of it began the fooneli, and continued the longcft in the Roman Of^ fices. It obtain'd in Gaul near as foon as at Rome, but was laid afide in the Vlth Century, when Gregory of Tours^ intro- duced the other Pfalter, fmce c^Wcd Gallic an. The Roman Pfalter however ftill obtain'd at Rome till the Time of Pope Pius^ the Vth : And it is ftill ufed in the Vi^tican Church, and fome few Churches befides.

3 The Gallican Pfalter is Jcrom's more corred latin Tranfla- tion made from Origen\ Hexaplar, or moft correct Edition of the Greek Sepuagtnt, fiU'd up, where that was deficient, from the Hebre-iv ; diftinguilh'd .with Obelisks, and v^<?m/T, denoting the common Greek Verfion in thofe places to be either redundant, or deficient. Many of the old Manufcripts'^ ftill retain thofe

a Appendicem Sacrorum aliquot Voluminum, juxta Te/frfw Vulgatam ufu receptam ante Hierohymum , hoc loco edendam ftatueramus : Sed quum Opcri manus jamjam ac- cederer, tantani inter MSS. Codices hujia zer/ionis latino deprehendimus diflbnantiam, lit impofflbilc eflct vel folas v^riantcs horum Codicum Le£iiones tdnotafle nifi maximo Tcmporis intcrvallo. Quarc ne in fcqucntcm annum differrctur Editio hujus Diztns "BiblwihecA, Appendicem praediftam latioriOperi, ac majori Otio rcfervavimus. Martian- Not. ad Hierohym. Vol. i. p. 14 19.

b PfalmoB autem cum fecundum LXX. Intcrpretes Romani adlmc habeant j Ga//i gc Ger- manorum Aliqui fecundum Emendationem, quam Hieronymus Pater dc LXX. Edirione rompofuit, Pfa'.tcrium cantant: quam Gregorius, Turonenjis Epifcopus, a partibus Roma- nis mutuatam, in Galliarum dicitur Ecclcfias tranftulifle. Walafrul. Strab. dc Rcb. Ec- clcf. c. If.

c Vjd.CW. Bona rerum Liturgic. 1. i.e. 3. Humphr. Hod. p. 385. MAblllcn. deCurf. Gallican. p. 391}.

d The C\)"-on h'anufcript cf 705, and the Benct of 8P3, Lambeth of^'j'j, and Bruno*.f •w» Manu!" ,'t of 1033. Befides many more in France. Quanta porro tuerit diligentia No- ftralium in-Jcfcribendo hoccc Pfaltcrio, cum Afterifcis 8c obelis, non aliunde teftatum Yolumus quam ex infinita copia Codicum MSS. qui cum talibus diftin(5lionibus,fupcrfunt iii Gallicanis Bibliothccis, Martin. Hteronym. Op. Vol. i. ProlegQin, 2. c, j-.

Marks •

The ATEANASIAK CREED. 6i

Marks : But more have left them out, I fuppore, to fave Trouble. This more corred Pfaiter was drawn up by Jerom in the year 389, andobtain'd firli mGatd about the year 5 So ; or however not later than 595: From which Circumftance it came to have the name of GaUican, in conrraditlindion to the Rommi. From Caul, or France, it pafs'd over into England before the year 5 97,. and into Germdny^ and Spain^ and other Countries. The Popes of Rome, tho' they Themfelves ufed the other Pialter, yet pa- tiently connived at the ufe of This, in the Weftern Churches, and even in Italy it felf, and fometimes privately authorized the ufe of it in Churches and Monafteries -^ till at length it was publickly authorized in the Council of Trent, and introduced a while after into Rome it felf by Vim the Vth. It was admit- ted in Britain, and Ireland, before the coming of Augujiine the Monk, and prevaii'd after, except in the Church of Canterbury^ which was more immediately under the Arch-bifhop's Eye, and more conformable to the Roman Offices, than other parts of the Kingdom. This very Gallican Pfaiter is what we ftill re- tain in conftant ufe, in our Common-Prayer Books : The other, in our Bibles, is from the Hebreiv, by feveral learned Hands.

4. The Hebraick latin Pfaiter means Jerom' s own Tranllatioii immediately from the Hebrew, made in the year 391. This tho' otherwife of great Efteem, was never ufed in the publick Church-Offices.*^ There are but few Copies of it, in compari- fon, any where to be met with, becaufe This R falter, as be- fore hinted, having never been in common ufe, like the Ro-

a Anno 1369. XJrbani V. Autoritate Sancitum, ut CaJJinenfes Pfalterio Gallicano ute- rentur. Montfauc. Diar. Ital. p. 331. P. Adrian, long before, had recommended the CsX- lican Pfaiter to the Church o/Breme. See below in Ch.Vl. and C. Bona, p. /06.

b Ante Adventum ^ugitflini Monachi, primi Archiepifcopi Cantuarienfis, in Angliam, i. e, ante annum 5*97, Bcclefia: BntannicA & Hibemici. Pfalterium Gallicanum recepeianti KAugMJi'mui hue a Gregorio M. raiflus Romanum fecum advexit, & Eccleliae fujE Cantuari-^ enfi tradidit. Sed loco illius invaluit tandem, per omnes Ecclefias Anglicas, uliis Calltcanii Bodius. de Text. Bibl. Origin, p. 384.

c Tertium eft de Hebr^o in latinum quod Jeronymus tranftulit de Hebraeo in Latinumi Sed non eft in ufu Ecclefix, fed viri ftudii literati & fapientes eo utuntur. Koger: Bacont apud Hodittm da Text. Original, p. 3 8+.

Hsec autem (Verjio ex HebrAo) idco recepta non fuit, quia duae priores, quotidiano ufa la Ecclefiis frequentatar, fine magna divini officii perturbatione non poterant abrogari. ^na, Rerum Liturg. 1. 2. c. 3. p. _j-o6. F;</. etiam Hodiftm. p. 38/.

Ci ^NTIENT LATIN MSS. of

man and Gdlioin , has been confined to a few Hands. W'! are not to expect an Athan^fiari' Creed in This Pfalter, as not being intended tor the Uic of the choir : neither are we to cxped to meet witii it in the Ualicl: P falters which are few, and which were grown, or growing, out of ufe before the A- th.majian Creed was brought into the Pubhck Offices. But in the Roma?i and Giillicnn Pfalters, we may find it : And it will be of moment to obferve in wliich of them it is found. In- deed, fome manufcript Pfalters there are, which have the Roman and Gullican together in oppofite Columns, the Gallican always fet firft/ Others have the Hebrmck and Gailtcan fet Column- wife as the former : And fome have all the Three Verfions of Jerom placed in the like order. Dr. Hody informs us of Two fuch Manufcripts, to which maybe added a Third now in. Trini- ty-College in Cambridge, which has the Athanafitm Creed with Brums Comment in it 5 as intimated above. Nay fome Ma- nufcripts have the Greek alio with the other, making a Fourth Column : An account of fome Manufcripts of this laft fort may be feen both in Dr. Hodj^ and Le Long}' Thefc Double, Triple, or Qtiadruple Pfalters came not in, I prefimie, before the end of the Ter^th Century, or begmning of the Eleventh. For Berno Augienfis of that Time acquaints us with the occa- fion and ufe of them, and how They came to be fo contriv- ed. When the Roman way of Singings firft adapted to the Ro- man Pfalter, had been introduced into France , and Germany (which was firft done in the Vlllth Century) in proccfs of Time it bred fome confufion in the two Pfalters, mixing and blend-

a Hody de Text. Bibl. Original, p. 385-.

b Le Long Biblioth Bibl. Vol. I. p. 244.

c Inter cxrcra, ex emendara LXX Interprcturo Tranflatione f[aL er Grate* in Lati- num vertit {titer onym us) illudque camandum omnibus G^//f«, ac quibufdam Germanii^C' cicfiis tradidit. Et ob hoc GaUicnnHm ffultermm appellavit, Romanis adhuc ex corrupt* vulgata Editiorie. Pfalterium canentibus : ex quz Roman i cantum compofucrunr, nobifque ufum cantandi contradidcrunt. Unde accidit qucd verba, qui in diurnis vel nofturnif Officiis canendi more modulantur, inrermifceantur, & confufe noftris Plalmis inferan- tur ; ut a minus pcritis baud facile poflit difcerni quid nojln, vcl Rom.ms. convcniat Edi- tioni. Quod pius Pater ac peritus Magiftcr intuens, tres Edttionts in uno Voluminc com- pofuit: & Gallicmum Pfalterium. quod nos canimus, ordinavit in una Columna, in altera RomnHum, iri-tcrria Heir mm. Berno Augienf. Epift. inedit. apud Maiill. dc curfu Gallica- no- p-39<5. Ho<//«w dc Text. Original, p. 38'a.

ing

The ATHAN^SIAN CREED. dj

ing them one with the other j that it was difficult to diftin- guifh what words belong'd to This, and which to That. To remedy This inconvenience, a way was found out to have Both the Pfalters diftindly rcprefcnted to the Eye together, in Two feveral Columns : And thus came in the kind of Pfalters be- fore mentioned. We eafdy fee why the Gdlican ufed to be fet in the firfl Column : Namely, becaufe Thofc Pfalters, were contrived by the French y and Germans, who made ufe of the Galilean, and fo gave the preference to their own. If I have detained my Reader a little too long in This Digrellion about the Pfalters ; I hope the ufefulnefs of the Subjed may make Him fome amends, and be a juft Apology for it. I now return to our Creed, and what more immediately belongs to it j clofmg This Chapter, as I promis'd, with a T;?^/^ reprefenting a Summary, or Ihort Sketch of what hath been done in it.

A Table

^4

A Table of MAMVSCRITTS.

1300

A. Dnl	MSS.	1 Pfaltcrs	Tiiles of the Crred.
60 J	Bp. Ull}ir'5	1 1	Tides Catholtc.-i.
660	Treves	I i
700	Ambrojian | |
70?	Cotton I	1 Gnliican .	t'tJes 'iancli Athanajts Aiexa.nrittu
760	Colbert i | |
760	St. ■Germani	1	Fides Sancii Athana;ii Epi'copi.
77*	Vienna	1 Gallican	Fides SanBi Athanajii Epifcopi Alexandrini.
800 1	Regius, Paris \ \
8fo j	Benet. Coll. C.vnt. i .	1 Gallican J	Fides Sancii ^najlhafii Epi/copt,
S60	Co'.bcrt 2	1 1	Fides Athavnjii
883	Benet C. 2	1 Gallican	Fides Cathciica.
930	S/. James's i	[ Roman | I Gallican	Hymnus jithanajii.
95-7 !	Lambeth	Fides CAthoitca S. Ath:inafii Epifcopi.
970	Harley i	1 Gjllican 1	Fides Catholica Athanafii Alexandnni Epiffopt.
1031	1 Cotton 2	1 Gallican	Fides Cathoiua Atkanafii Epifcopi Alexa>idrini.
lOfo	1 Norfolk	1 Gallican |	Fides Catholica Aihan.i/ii Alexandnni.
10.')+	1 Bei.et C. ^ 1 1
1 066	Cjtton }	1	Fides Catholica
1066	1 Cambriilge	1 Ronian
1090	CaJJinenfis		FrJes Sancii A:l;ana{ii Epifcopi.
I 120	\ Harley 2		Fides Annftafii Epifopi.
1240	1 St. fameih 2		1 Fides Cathoiua.

Friars Minors

Galilean I Canticum Bonefacit.

Ce Chant fi^fl St Anai/laie qui Apofloilles de Rome.

1400 I Bodleian

Anajh/ii Expojitio Symboli Apojlolorum.

CHAP.

^5

CHAP. V.

Antient Verjions, printed or mamifcript .

SOME Account of the antient Veriions, of the Athmmfin-ii Creed, may be of ule to fhew when and where it has been received, and what Fdt^e hath been fet upon it, at feveral Times, and in feveral Countries. I fhall note the Time, in the margin, when the firfi Verfion into any Language appears to have been made : And 1 lliall rank the Verfions of the feveral Countries according to the Chronological Order of Thofe Firft Verfions rcfpedivcly.

FrenchVersions.

Undei the name of French Verfions, I comprehend all Ver- fions made at any Time into the njulgar Language then cur- rent in Fr^.nce, whatever other Name fome may pleafe to give them. I beg leave alfo to comprehend under the fame Name all Ord Verfions delivered by word of mouth, as well as writ- ten ones : Otherwife I am fenfible that I ought not to have begun with French Verfions. I do not know that the Gauls, or French had any written {landing Verfion of This Creed fo ear- ly as 850, or for feveral Centuries after. Their oldeft Verfions of the P falter are fcarce earlier than the Xlth Century,' and of the intire Scripture fcarce (^ early as the Xllth:^ And we are not to expect a written Verfion of the Athanafian Creed more an- tient than of their Pfalter. But what I mean by fetting the French Verfions fo high as I here do, is that the Athanafian Creed was, as early as is here faid, interpreted out of Latiri> into the vulgar Tongue for the ufe of the People, by the Clergy of France, in their verbal Inftrud-ions. This is the fame Thing, in effed, with a written {landing Verfion, as fupplying the Place of it 5 and is as full a proof of the general Reception of the Creed, at That Time, as the other would be. Now, that the Athanafian

a See Le Long, Biblioth. Bibl. Vol. i. p. 313. ^c.

I Creed

)^'

CC ANTIENT VERSIONS of

Creed was thus interpreted into the vulgar Tongue in France^ as early as the year 850, or earlier, I prove from the words of Hincmnr^ above cited, giving Orders to the Clergy of his Pro- vince to be able to exprels Tliis Creed communihus 'verbis ^ that is, in their vulgar, or Mother Tongue. What That mix'd kind of Language which They then ufed, fnould be called, is of no great moment to our prcfent purpofe to inquire. Some per- haps, with Vitus Amerbachius, and Bifhop Ujljerj ^ will call it Teutonick-, or German, becaufe the Franks and Germans, being Originally the fame, fpake the fame Language. But I fee no confequencc that, becaul'c Fra-aks and Germans ufed the tame Language, therefore Franks and Gauls mix'd together mull: Hill keep the fame 5 any more than that a mix'd Nation of Nor- mans, and Saxons, mull all agree either in Norman, or Saxon. One would rather exped in fuch a mix'd People, a mix'd Lan- guage too, as ufually happens in fuch Cafes. As to France in particular, at That Time, Mr. Wharton has plainly fhewn that the Language there fpoken was very widely different from the Teutonick, or Gcrma-n.

The Concordate between the Two Brothers Lewis and Charles, at Strasburgh, puts the matter out of Difpute : Where one ex- prefs'd Himfelf in the Teutonick, the other in the Language then current in Fra-ncc-, called Romanenfis, or Rufiica Ro-majva, corrupt Roman, or Latin-^ nearer to the Latin than to the German, but a confufed mixture of Both. Such was the Language then vul- garly fpoken in France, as appears from the Specimen of it given by Wharton from Nithardus. And this I prefumc is the Language into which our Creed was interpreted in Hincmars Time 5 for which rcafon I have fet the French Verfions fird. If any one contend that the Teutonick prevailed then in the /)/- ocefs of Rheims, tho' not in the other parts of Gaulmo\:c remote from Germany, I fhall not thmk it of moment to difpute the point, fincc it is not material to our prcfent purpofc.

As to the French Verfions, properly fo called, ivritten (land- ing Verfions, 1 have faid, that none of them reach higher than

a Vfftr. Hiftor. Dogmat. p. in.

b Vid Wharton. Au6lar. Hiftor. Dogmat. p. J44..

the

rk ATHAKASJAN CREED. 6y

the Xlth Century. Montfmcon gives us one, tho' imperfed, 600 years old j' that is, of the Xlth Century, and very near the end of it, about 1 09 8, fix hundred years before the Time of his writing. And this is the oldeft that I have any where found mention'd. Next to which, perhaps we may reckon That in Trinity College in Cambridge \ I mean the interlinear Verfion whicli Mr. Wa-aley° calls Normanno-Gallican, about 580 years old. There is one in the Cottort Library {Nero. C. 4.) above 500 years old, according to Mr. Wharton. "^ Montfaucon gives us Another above 400 years old.'^ But it is needlefs, and foreign to my purpofe to number up all theVerfions: T\\Q.firJi in its kind is what will be chiefly ferviceable to our following In- quiries.

German Versions.

As to -written and (landing Verfions, the Cermim, io far as S70 we find any Records, ought to have the firfi: place. There is in the Emperor's Library at ViennpL,'^ 3. German j or Temomck^ Verfion of This Creed made by OtfriduSy Monk of Weiffenberg in the IXth Century : The Manufcript, as Lambecius afliires us, is coeval with the Author. There have been feveral later Ger- man Verfions, a brief account of which may be feen in Lam- hecius^ TentzeliuSy^ and Le Long -^ but more particularly in Tent- zelim. It is fufficient to my purpofe to have taken notice of the frjij and mofl: confiderable in its kind.

V Anglo-S^axon Versions.

There have been Anglo-Saxon Verfions of this Creed as ear- p,Q ly as the Time of K. Athelfian 5 as appears from the Manu-

a Mantfaucon. Diarrib. p. 72.1. 727. 733.

b Wanleii Catal. MSS. Septentr. p. 168.

c IVharion. Au(ftar. Hiftor. Dogmat. p, 390.

d Monrf. Diatr. p. 712.

e Lambec. Catal. Biblioth. Vindobon. I. 2. p. 460. 760.

i Lambtc. Catal. L. 2. p. 763.

g Tentz.eL Judic. Erudit. Praef, & p. zi6.

h Le Long. Biblioth. Bibljc. Vol. i. p. 376.

I 2 fcript

^8 ANTIENT VERSIONS of

fcript of the Royal Library with an mterlinear Vcrfion, noted above J and whicli I place in 930. The Lamhcth Manufcript of 957 has alfo an interlinear Saxon Verfion. Both which Manufcripts confirm the Account which our Learned Dr. 7^^//£';2 <;ives of an Anglo-Saxon Copy of this Creed which He has printed from a Manufcript of the Church of Salisbury. He judges the Ferfion it felf to have been made about the middle of the Xth Century, or about 950; which fuirs exaftly with the Age of the Manufcripts before mention'd. Only , This we may exped, that the Saxon Copies of thofe Manufcripts (if They happen to contain the fame Ferfion) will be found much more correct than the Sarum Copy, being written at a Time when the Saxon Language was lefs corrupted, and retain'd more of its primitive purity 5 whereas the Sarum Copy was written,* as Dr. Wot ton conjectures, after both Danes and Normans had much alter'd the Language. I before obferved that the Title in Dr. Wottons Copy is Hymnus Athanafii, as in St. James ^ Copy: And there is fomcthing farther worth the noting, which is the Rubrick following the Title, direding the Creed to be fung alternately^ which confirms the Account given hy Abbo Floriacenfis of the cuftom of the Galilean and Englipj Churches in that Age. But to pixDceed j From the Time wc have had any Verfion of this Creed into our Country-Language , wc may reafonably conclude that fuch Vcrfions have varied, by little and little, in every Age, in proportion to the gradual Altera- tion in our Language 5 till at length the Verfion became fuch as it (lands at This Day. Such as are defirous of having a Specimen of the Creed in very old Engllflj verfe, may find one in Dr. Hicks s

a Vcrfioncm iftam circiter medium Dff/w/ S<^«/» efTe fa£tam ipfius Sermonis cum pi> ritate (ubi non hallucinatur Intcrpres) conjunfta proprietas cft'erdir. Receniim vcro dc- fcriptam fuifle, fub Nortmannorum in Angliam Advcntum, non tantum Librani Lin- guae SaxonicA haud gnari rcccntior manus in qua exaratur, (od pravum ilhid Anglo Da^ nicum, vcl forftta Anglo Nortmanmcum,icn\>zi\d\ genus d^mon^v^t.Wotton. Nor ad Brevero Confpeft. Opcris Hukefiani. p. 75-.

b Hymnus Athanafii, Je Fide Trinitatis.

*Qucm Tu concelebrans, difcutientcr intcllege. Incipit de Fide.

On vhich Dr. Wotton makes this Note.

* Ita M^. Hoc eft, qucm Tu anhfhon,itim, vcl altermtim pfallcns, animo percipe.

p.- 7.7-

Thefau^

rhe ATHAUASJAN CREED. 6p

Thefaums ;* And They may fee a good part of a Trofe-Verfion in old Engli^ (tho' confiderably later than the other) in Wkkliff\ Comment. But thefe and the like Obfervations are out of the compafs of my Deitgn, and fo I pafs on.

Greek Versions.

I have before intimated that this Creed was Originally Ldtin^. and therefore the Greek Copies can be no more than Verfions, And They appear to be very Ute alfo, in comparilbn to the former. However, fuice the Greek is one of the learned Lan- ' guages, fince the Creed has been afcribcd to a Greek Author, and has been alfo fuppofed by Many to have been written in Greek j it will therefore be proper to give as particular and as diftind Account as is poflible of the Greek Verfion, or Ver- fions. Our Inquiries here will lie within a littl^ compafs : For the Greek Copies are neither rminy, nor antient. Montfau- con^ a very diligent Searcher into thefe matters, frankly pro- fefles that He had never feen any Greek Copy of this Creed fo old as 3 oo years ; nor ever heard of any that was antient!!' He fcruples not to fay farther, that there had not been yet feen any Greek Record, of certma and undoubted credit, whereby to prove that This Creed had been known to the Greek Church for more than 500 years upwards.'^ He fpeaks only of Greek Records: As to Latin ones they afford Sufficient proof that This Creed was pleaded againft the Cr^^/'i in the Dilpute, about the ProceJJio?h in the 8th or 9th Century at lateft, and therefore mt^ have been in fome i^ieadire known to them. The Greeks and Latins had fome Difpute on that Head in the Synod of Gent illy, not far from Paris, in the year 767, under K. Pepin,

a Hkkef: Thefaur. Linguar. Septentr. p. 352.

b Sane nuiium vidimus Grscum hujus Symbol! Godicem qui trecentorttm fif annorum; nee antiijHum alium a quopiam vifum fuifle novinu's. Montfauc. Diatrih. p. 7^7-

c Adjicere non pigcat non vifum ha£tenus fuifle Gncorum quodpiam monurnentam (certum fcilicet ac indubitatum^^-quo ab annis plus quingentis notum Ecclefi^ Crxcifviffc Symbolum, ^iikunq<^e, poi^l^ comprobari. Montf. ibid. p. 711.

To the fame purpofe /peaks ComheRs of this Greet!.

Vix enim extat praterquam in recentiorum Colleflaneis, librifque eorum Polcmicis, quibus ipfum vel impugnant, vel etiam defendunt: fdque volimt illi qui aiunt non hiiberi inGncorum libr'u; non enim fie ftupidi videntur ut negent GrAce haberf. Combef. Not., ad Mm> Calec. p i^J.

But

yo ANTIENT VERSIONS of

But perhaps this Creed was not pleaded at That Time : At lead it docs not appear that it was.

It cannot be doubted bat that the Greeks had heard fomething of This Creed troni the LAt'ms^ as early as the Days of Ra- tKi^m J and JEneiis Parifie^fis -^ that is above 850 years ago, Avhcn the Dilputc about the Vroceljlon between the Greeks and Latins was on Foot : This the Teftimonies above cited plainly fhew. But This is not enough to prove that the Greek Church had yet any value for This Creed, or that there was then ex- tant any Greek Copy of it. 1200 NicoUm HjdruntirmSy cited above, who flourifh'd under Alex- ius IV, Emperor of the Eaft, and Pope Innocent the Third, that is, in round numbers about 1 200, He gives us the firft notice of This Creed being extant in Greek in his Time. He obferves, that the Article of the ProceJJion from the Son was not in the Greek Copy of This Creed, as neither in the Nicene, blaming the Lfitins^ as I apprehend, for interpolating Both. Which was a juft cenfure with rcfped to the Nicene Creed, but not with refped to the Atha?mfian, which certainly never wanted That Article j as is plain from the Agreement of the Latin Copies, and the carlieft of them, thofe of a Thoufand years Dare : which I remark by the way. As to our prefent purpole. This is certain that, fome Time before This Nicolaus of 0- tranto wrote, the Creed had been tranflated imo Greek, by a Greek, or at leafi: by one that took part with the Greeks in the Qiieftion about the Procellion. It can hardly be imagined that NicoUtis had tranflated it Himfelf, and that He appealed to his o-ivn Verfion. There muft have been a Verfion before un- doubtedly: And one can fcarce fuppofe lefs than 50, or 100 years before, fince both the Tirne and Author of it were for- gotten, and This Greek Verfion pafs'd with NicoUus for Atha- najiuss Original. Manuel Caleca^ who wrote about the Year

a Teflantur autem hanc ipfam Fidei Confeflionem Sanfti viri (Athanafti) efle, atque id didlum ira fe habere, qui contra Latinos multo ante fcripfcrunri quam fibi ut adver- fam truftra labefaftare nituntur. Atque, ut intelligi datur, tunc quidem adhuc fervaba- tur; poJimoJum vero pertinaciorct ad contradicendum fafti, omnino auferre voluerunt.* ctfi modo jiihilominus curiole inquirentibus raro, licet in vetuftiflimis Codicibus, ita ha> bere invcnitur. Mun. Calec. contr. Grid, a. B. PP. Tom. XXVI. p. 414.

1360,

The ATUANASIAN CREED. 71

I ? 60, intimates that there had been Greek Copies long before his Time, and that the moft antient of all had the Article of the Proceflion from fhe Son-^ and that the older Greeks who wrote againft the L^itim did not pretend to ftrike out That Ar- ticle, as thofe did that came after. Could we depend upon this Report, we might then be certain that the Greek Copies of the Time of NicoUus Hydruntinus, were late in Comparifon, and that there had been other Greek Copies much more antient. But This I leave to the confideration of the Learned. Howe- ver this fad be, one thing is certain, that the oldeft Greek Copy could be only a Verfion^ whether fooner or later.

As to Greek Copies now extant in manufcri^t^ They are but few, and modern. I may here give a Ihort Account of them, of as many as I have hitherto found mentioned in Books, or Catalogues of Manufcripts.

I. There is one in the Emperor's Library at Viennti, faid to be in p^per, mztient, and oi good Vdue"". Thefe words are too general to fix any certain Date upon : One may guefs from the Taper, that the Manufcript is not very antient ; fince Tiiper came not into frequent, or common ufe before the Xlllth Century. But not to infill upon That, one may judge from what is written in the fame Volume, and, I fuppofe, in the fame Hand (for Nefjelim makes no DiftindionJ that the Copy of the Creed is not earlier than the middle of the XlVth Century. Maximus VUnudes makes a part of the Manufcript : He flourifh'd about the year 1340.

2^ There is Another Greek Manufcript of this Creed in the fame Library, a pfiper one too, and faid to be pretty d/itient, by NeJJelmSj who gives account of it'', from the mention:

i CCXIV. Codex MS. Theologicus Grxcus eft Chartaceus, mtiqtiHi, & bo7iA tiou \a 4to. Conftatque foliis 541.

Continentur co Hzc.

Imo &c.

2do & quidem a Fol. 77, ad Fol. 79. S. Athanafii Archiepircopi;Al;x-ai]drinl .^7«^o//^« Fidei, cujus Titulus 8c principiunr T» dyas 'Ajztyxrn'ii t« fj!,i}.cc'^^. "O-m '/' ccv ,'iii^>i'T^ mi^icq, istSi •mi'm^'i y^^vt x-o^n't* Tn^i ^c. NefTel. Catal p. 344. Vol. !•

b CXCinus Codex MS.— ——eft Chartacem, med'wcriter antiquus, 8c ion a not a, in 4to. Conftatque nunc Foliis 332, & ad Johmnem SamhtiCMm dim pertinuir. Continentur eo Haec. I prime 0f.

therein

ji ANTIENT VERSIONS of

therein made of the Creed's being prefented to Pope Julius, I fhould be apt to conclude that the Manufcript is not earUcr, nor copied from any carHer than Afa»uel Caleca's Time, or the XlVtli Century : But there are other Marks, particularly fome Pieces of Julianm Cardindis^ which demonftrate that the Manufcript cannot be much older than the middle of the XVth Century.

3 . Felchman had a manufcript Copy of This Creed in Greek, without any Title to it, or any Author named '. I can fay no- thing to the Age of it, for want of further Particulars.

4. Felckman had Another Manufcript out of the Palatine Li- brary, (which Library is fince transfer'd to the Fatican) with a Title to it, (Tii(/.Co\ov tb kyls ' AfoLVoLTiy, St. Athanafiuss Creed ^. The Title alone is a iufficient Argument of it's being modern^ to any that confider what were the more ufual and antient Titles, rcprefented above. It is to be noted that Thofe Two manu- fcript Copies arc fo nearly the fame, that They make but one Copy in Print, which has been inferred in all the Editions of Athanafiiiss Works after Felckm/iri's, as well as in his, and makes the fifth in Gundlingius,^ who gives us fix Greek Copies of this Creed. It is obfervable, that This Copy owns not the Pro- ccflion from the Son : From whence we may infer that it was not made by the Latins, or however not by any who wete not Priends to the Greeks.

5. Laz^arus Baifius's Copy ^j which He had from Venice, in

180 Et quidem a fol. 305. ad fol. 504, S. ^thanafihnAgni, Archicpifcopi Alcxandrini, ConfeJJio Catholica FiJei,ad S.J-ultum Pontificem Ronianum; cujus & Ticulus & I'rincipium

l»>,«ov Iloirmv Vitj/yt!,. Tm ')t>,cvn ezuji^vuf Scc. Kcjfel. Catal. Vol. I. p. 281-

a Extat Hog Symbolum in noftro Codice z anonymo, fed abfquc Titulo 2c nomine Autorisi iinde & fie editum. Felckmai. ^i]. Aihanaf. Commelin- p- 83

Incipit ; « TH ^Ao( ai-Pjvtiaji (zs^ 'Tnlvmv xf>> c^-^rtS r^v ^^oAj*>i» kj^t^jw^ th^v. Sec.

b Invcnimus id ipfuni etiam poll in CoJicc quodam ^.ihtim Bibl:othecs, cxprefsc A- thanafio infcriptum (licet id recentiorcs Grsuci nolinr, ut viderc eft ex epiftola Meletii Con- ftantinopolitani Patriarchx ad Douzam ) ex quo etiam difcrepantias quaidam notabimus.

Incipit} 1/775 S^iAH ffzit'y>iyaf, <a^ TmiTut ^ffiK' «fv <»«* th* KU%>UKti» x^tho-jj Tn^r. gcc. Felckman. Hi J,

c Gundlmgii not. ad Eujlratii & p. 76-

d Titulus E>^6i<ni ow-eAep^a? Tr.i xx^oXikki; Ttiftuc, nu fjutj^Xn'Ajx^ur.is TncTQ/ieif^if 'AMlcif-

Incipit. '0?i5 uf (it'JXiKTxj (TM^T'^i Cvt? Tmrrc-y ^c>i Kfxjx^t njf x(«doA«KV 5T7?ji'.

the

The ATHAN^SI^N CREED. 7^

the Time of frmcis 1. in the year 153 3» was publifhed by Genebmrd, An. 1569. This Copy, probably, was contrived by a Latin ("having the Proceilion from the So?z in it) or at leaft by fome honeji Greek who would not vary from the Origind, I conclude this Greek Copy to be modern^ from the Title 5 for a reafon before hinted.

6. There was Another manufcript Copy * of this Creed, which NicoUus Bryli?7g firfl printed at B/^fdy and afterwards //. Stephens in France , in the year 1565. This alfo muft, in all pro- bability, be very modern^ becaufe of aufiQo\ov in the Title. It acknowledges the Proceflion from the Son, conformable to the Original.

7. In the i?oj^/ Library at Paris. fNumb. 2 502,) there is ano- ther manufcript Greek Copy of this Creed,^ written in the year 1562. publifhed by Genebrard 1569, and faid by Him to belong to the Church of Conjiantinople. This was taken from an older Manufcript, but how much older cannot certainly be known ^ One may imagine from the Title ^, and Beginni?ig of it, that the Form is the fame with one of thofe in the Emperors Library, and that they were copied from each other, or Both from a Third Copy. This Manufcript acknowledges the Proceflion from the Son. I had underftood, from A^ontfaucons general way of Exprellion, that Genebrard had publifh'd his Copy from this very Manufcript of the Royal Library, Num. 2502. But obfer-

a Titulus : Sw/*foAo» t5 «><» 'AJu.hu.t.h.

Incipit: "o??; /SaAsra^ t^fiijKi/ 8cc.

b ^e graecis autem Codicibus pauca fuppetunt dicenda, cum unum tartum nobis in- fpicere licucrit, fcil.. Reg. 2/ci. In quo extat Symbolum fuperiore fsculo cxaratum. Montf. Diatrib. p. 722.

Secunda, quam edimus formula, jam dim public! juris fafta per Genebrardum Anno ij"69, quam ait ille efTe Ecclefiae Conftantinopolitanae, extat in Regie Codice num. 2'5oi, olim ex Bibliotheca Johannis Huralti Boiftallerii a Carolo IX. Venetias Legati. in quo Co- dice haec leguntur, ante Dialogum S. Athanafii cum Ario >tranfcnptus ^- recognifus liber Hie cfi, ex 'vetuflifptno exemplars Cretico; Venetiis An. 15-62. impenfst fa^^ aureorum X. Zachjtrias Sacerdos tranfcripfu'iQf habitit. Montf. Diatrib. p. 727.

c Incertum autem utrum ex illo quod memorat VetufiiJ]:mo Exemplari, Syrmhohm etiara fit mutuatiis ; Codex qwippe arrpla; molis multa 8c varia compleftitur, qua: dubitare licet ex unone Codice exfcripta fuerint, an ex Compluribus. Monif. ibid.

d Titulus. TS cv dyfoii UxTfii; v,[jjuv 'Ajuvxaia t» [Af^Xev oy^Xo'^ioi t?? xxJvMkTu •m^iuc, >]» ?^x£ "JT^c, 'I»A(e» UctTmv 'Paw/jc.

Incipit. T« ^'Aovti 3Zc'^v«/, &c.

K vino;

74 ANTIENT VERSIONS of

ving that Genebrard's wants fomc words (ki^oi o 7raT-/)f, ai'^05 0 '^:i^ oti'iloy TO 'TtrZuua To a.'}iov) which Montfaucon\ Copy has, I conchidc that He meant only the jame Jrorm, as to Matter and Words, tor the nioft part, not the fame Manulcript.

8. There is Another manufcript Greek Vcrllon, or rather Paraplirafe of this CreeJ, havini^ leveral hiterpolations, pubhih'd by Bilhop V^kt A. 1647, from a Copy fcnt Him by Patrick Toung. It has been often fuice printed : m the Gouncth, in Gund- Jmg, and in Montfaucon,

It leaves out the Article of Procedlon from the Son 5 from whence we may judge that it was compofed by a Greeks or Grecizins; Latin. The Title mfmuates that the Creed was drawn up in the Nicene Council * : an opinion entertain'd by Johan, Cyparifjiota^ about the year 1360, as obferved above. When Ihis Story, or Fidion firft came in, I cannot pretend to de- termine. Bi(hop U/lb^/' fpeaks of a ijery antient M^nuCcnpt, part- ly in Irifh, and partly in Latin^ which hints at the iame Thing: But He fixes no Date to the Manufcript ; the words, ^ery antienty are too general to give Satisfaction in it. The Creed is there faid to have been compofed in the Niceyie Council by Eufebius, and VionyJJuSy and 2.Third Ich Namelefs^, as not being known. The Author of that Book of Hynms muft have been very Ignorant, not to know AthanafmSj who was undoubted- ly the Third Man, and for whofe lake (to account for the Creed's being wrote in Latiri) the whole Story feems to ha\c been contrived. By Eufebius muft have been intended Eujebius of Verceil in Picdmontj a Latin, and a great Friend and Intimate of Athanafius : By Diunjfius undoubtedly is meant Bionyfius Bifhop of A^ilan of the lame Time, and of the fame Principles, and well acquainted with Eufebius^. Had the Contrivers of

a *£» "^ d^eci i d'xevjLt/fyty.'iii r?? ci Nuca-oi, <zsct Tn^ieoi; kxtu avtivf/jixn, >C Tntie, /i? ttk^HiW) rnv c-'XtiCti x,Q/KJecyov. Ujjcr. dc Symb. p. l6.

h In Hymnorum, partim Latino partim Hibernico Sermone fcriptorum,Codicc vetuHif-

^Imo notatum leperi, triiim Epifcoponim opera, in cadem Kutnn Synodo illud fu-

jfTe compofitum, EHfeiii, & Dwnyfii, (^ nomeu tertii (lie cnim ibi Icgitur) nejcimus, Ujfcr. de Symb. prxf.

c It feents highly probable, that the -whole Fable about Eufebius, and Dionyfius, was firji ta'tfed out tf a Pajfage of .S/. Anibrolc, which rnight be though: to hint fame fiuh Thing- ^^^* -seordi are: ' i

the

Jhe ATHANASI AN CREED. 75

the Fable laid their Scene at Alex^ndrm, where Athan^fius and this EuJehiuSy with I'everal other Latins^ met together in the year 362, They had made it the more plaufiblc. But let us return to our Greek Copies, from which we have a httle digrels'd.

This is obfervable of the Greek Copies in general, that They •differ very widely from each other, and therefore cannot be Copies of one and the fame Verfion. Polfibly, Three, or Four of them may be thrown into one, admitting however many Furious Legions : But ftili there will be as many remaining, which cannot be fo dealt with, but muft be look'd upon as diftind, and different Verfions. Such as defire to fee all the Copies to- gether, may find them in Gundling, and Morttfaucort' 5 Four at large, the reft exhibited' only by Various Leciions. I do not know whe- ther the Manufcripts of the Vtenrm Library have been colUted for any oi xho, prmted Editions : Perhaps not 5 I do not remem- ber that 1 have met with any mention of them, in any of the Editors of the printed Copies.

It may be of ufe to let the printed Editions, after our Ac- count of the Manufcripts, in Chronological order, as diftindly ^s may be, fmce we cannot fix the Dates of the manufcript Copies.

I. TheFirft printed Edition was by NicoUus Bryling," a Printer 1540 of B^fiL My Authors have been deficient in not fetting down the Date of it. I have endeavor'd to fix the year, but have not yet been fo happy as to come to a certainty in it. Where- •fore, I hope, my Reader will excufe it, if, rather than fet no yc^r at all, I chule one x^hich I know cannot be very much over, or under, becaufe of other Pieces printed by the fame Bryling about That Time. Fabricius mentions Michael Meander as Editor of the fame Copy after Bryling, and before Stephens:

Itaque ut Eufebius Sanclus prior levavit VexUlum Confejjionis, ita Bmtus Dionyllus in txilii locis, priori Manynhus Tnulo viiam exhalavit. Ambrof. ad VercelUnf. Fp. 63. p. 1039.

a Quod olim evulgavit Bafiles Nicolaus Bryling; dcinde in Gallia An. i^6f. Henricus Stephanui. Genebrard. in Symb. Athanaf. p. 8.

Quam poft Nie. Brylmgium, & Mich, Neandrum^ H. Stephanus in lucem edidit. Fahric, Bibl. Gric. Vol. V. p. 3,5.

K 2 But

7<; ANTIENT VERSIONS of

But what year, is not laid. Tentzelius mentions a Third ^^ na- mely Sebajiian Lepufculus, whofc Edition was in 1559 ; and ^z^- fhens\ in 1565. 1 have not fcen Lepufculns's, Copy : But I can make no doubt of it's being the fame '' with Brjl'mg^ : which has been called the Vulg^ite, or Common Vcrfion.

^^^9 2. The Second />r/>/r^^ Copy was taken from the Manufcript of Lazarus Bai-ffius, which He received from Dionyfim '-■, a Greek, in the year 1533, as before hinted. This was lirfl: printed by Cenehrard in the year 1 5 69^ ai2;ain in 1 5 8 5, and oftcntuncs fince. This Copy is fometimcs called the 'Dionyjian Copy ; and it is obferved by Gundl'mg to differ from the firft Copy but in fenjen Places 5 and therefore thefc Two have been commonly thrown into one, by all the Editors of Both.

1569 3. The T/;/>^ Copy was alio firft prmted by Genebrard, at the fame Time with the other. It has gone under the Name of the Cofifi amino folit an Copy, becaufe Genebrard fuppofed it to have been in ulc at Conflantinople^. It differs conflderably from Both the other, and is never thrown into one with them, but kept diftind by it felf

1600 4. The Fourth is the Commeli?ie, or Felckmans Copy, from the Palatine Manufcripts, often reprinted with Atha-najiuss Works. This alfo ftands by it felf, as a diftind Verfion.

e647 5. The Fifth was firft publiili'd by Ujherj in the year 1647.

a Sebajlian : Lepnfculi Compendium Jofephi Gorionidis, cum Colleftaneis quibufda'm. "Rafil. Iff 9' Vid. Tentz.el. p. i66.

b Nic. Serarius, tpho wrote, in the year i<)Cfo. /peaking of that firft Copy printed by ^ryVrngt M»d Stephens, fays as follows,

Quarum prima, "vulgata dici potcft, eo quod badenus ca fola hie apud nos, Germanix & Gallta, typis evulgata fucrit. Nicol. Serar- de Symbol. Athanaf. Opufc. Theolcg. Tom. 2. p- 9. From hence one rmy juftly conclude, that Sebaftian'i Copy, in iffp. reas no new one. For there was no Second, before Genebrard'j, publifij'd in France, or Germany i as we may learn from what Serarius here lefiifies.

c Hoc Symbolum reperi in libro Gracco MS. de ProccfTione Spiritus Sanfti, quern La- z^aro Baijfjo Oratori Regis Francifci I. apud Venetos, obtulit Dionyfim Grrcus, Epifcopus Ziinenfis & Firmienfis An. ifBj. Gensbr. Comm. in Symb. Athinaf. p. 8.

In manus meas pcrvenit liber quidam Graecus, de FrocefTionc Spiritus Sanfti, oblatus Lazaro Bayfio claro Regis noftri francifci I. apud Venetos Oraton, anno Chrifti if 3 3. Quem manu fua cleganrifllme pinxerat Huolaus Scphianus Patrum noftrorum rvo vir valde do(fTtis. Cenebr. ibid. p. 2.

d Supcrius Symbolum, Athanafii verbis -aliquantuium immutatis, Ccnfiantinopolitani fie Grzce legunt, 8c recitant- Cenebr. ibid. p. i4« .

This

The ATHANASIAU CREED. 77

This differs extremely from all the reft, having, befides many V^ri^.tions, and flight Infertions, one very large IntcrpoUtion. It hath been often reprinted fmce Uflers Time.

6. The Sfxth and laft was firft publiili'd by LMe and Cojjkrf- 1671 in the fecond Tome of Comicib. This Copy comes the neareft to the Two firll:, and therefore is fometimes thrown into one with them : But it differs from Both in about forty Places, ac- cording to Gwadlmgs Computation.

Thefe are all the frh:ted Copies j which are fometimes call'd lour and fometimes Six: Four, becaufe the Ftrji^ Second, and Sixth may be tolerably thrown into One ; Six, becaufe They may alfo be kept diftincl, and may be reckon'd as fo many Coftes at leaft, if not io many feveral Verfions. So much for the Greek Verfions of our Creed.

To the Verfions already mention'd may be added the ScUvo- niiin, of feveral Dinlecis, and, as I conceive, pretty antie?7t : But we have little or no Account of them ; only, as I Ihall fnow in the Sequel, we may be certain that there have been fuch. There are /m//^w, Sp.j?zifh, Irifh, and TVe/ch Verfions j bur whe- ther any that can juftly be called antie?it, I know not. Fu- ture fearches into Libraries may perhaps produce farther Difco- veries. Fahricius makes mention of an Hebretv Verfion of late date, and of an Arabick one ftill later ^: But thefe or the like modern Verfions will be of no ufe to us in our prefent In- quiries.

a Hebraice Verfum a Jnho Mar cello Romano MS. in Bibliotheca Vxt'tcana memorat Tm- honatus m'&M. Latino Hebraica p. 149. Sed omirto recentiores V crdoncs, ut Arabicany a Nijfelio editam Lugd. Bat. 1656. 4to, una cum Cantico Canticor. Fabric. Bibl. Grsc. V. 5. p. 515-.

Georgius Nijfelita Symbolum Athanafii Arabico idiorratc cum Cantico Canticorum iE-

tliiopicc & Arabice edito Ludg. Bat. An. 165-6, conjunxit id tamea non haufit ex

Codice MS, fed ipfe in Arabicum Sermonem tranftulit. Tentzel. p. 115.

CHAP.

550

7$ ANTIENT RECEPTION of

C H A P. VI.

Of the Reception of the AthannHan Creed in the Chrijlian Churches.

FROM the Materials here laid down, \vc may now be able to determine Ibmcthinii; about rhc Reception of the Creed, clpccially in the TitJIem Lhrnohcs -^ among which the Churchc? oi FrmicCy ox G aid, ought undoubtedly to be named firft.

France, or G a ul.

This Creed obtain'd in France in the Time of Hincmar, or ^ Yy about 850, without all difpute. \Vc may advance higher up to 772 : For it was then in Charles the Great's Plalter, among the Hymns of the Church. The Cotton manuicript Pfalter, with this Creed in it, will carry us up to 703 : And the Canon of the Council of Autun to 670 ; at which Time the Galilean Clergy, at leafl of the Dlocefs of Autitn, in the Province of Lyons^ were obliged to recite this Creed together with the Apofiles , under pain of Epifcopal Cenjure. Which ihows of how_great Value and Efleem the Creed was at that Time, and affords a flrong Prefumption (as J^efnel, and Pagi * well argue in the Cafe) that it had been in ule there long before. There will be fome doubt, as 1 intimated above, about the fuppofed Canon of the Council of Autun j which will in feme meafure abate the force of our Evidence, and of the Argument built upon it. But as it is certain from other Evidence, that This Creed was receiv'd in the Galilean Churches as high as 772, or 703 5 So it muft be own'd that This very much con- firms the Suppofition of the Council of Autun: And the con-

a Dubium non eft quin rrultis anre Synodum uhm Anpijlodunenfem annis compofitum cfTct, & jam olim per toram Ecclefiam celebrc evafifret : Nunquani enim SapientifTimi Prx- fules id commirifTont, ut iftam Fidei Fonnulam omnium Ordinum Clericis ampleftendam, & tTtprehentlbiltter, ut aiunt, rcccnicndam, Synodali Bdi(flo fub conJemnationis ptna praeci- pcrcnt ; imo & illam c rcgione rum Symbolo Jipoflohco ponerenr, niii jam longo ufu recepta, approlata. 8c inter gcrmanns Magni ^ hanafii L.ucubnrioncs numerata fuifletj quod nili port pluTium annoruni Senem fieri v.x potuit ^uefne!. Dil". XlV. p. 7^1.

Quarc jam ante centum fere Annis opOs illud Athanafio attributum fuerat. Pagi Critic, in Baron. Vol. I. p. 441. >.

cutting

The ATHAN ASIAN CREED. j^

curring Circumftanccs give very great Light and Strength to each other. But what mod of all confirms the foregoing Evi- dence, and the reafoning upon it, is, that Vcnantius Fortund^tHS^ a full hundred years before the Council o^ Auttm, had met with this Creed in the Gallican Parts, and found it then to be in fuch Efteem as to deferve to be commented upon, like the Lorcts- Prayer, and Apofile's-Creed : Accordingly He wrote Comments upon it, as well as upon the other. This wonderfully con- firms the reafoning of ^efnel, and Pagiy that this Creed muft have been in ufe there near a hundred years before the Council o{ Autun, that is, as high as 570, about which Time Forttmatm flourilhed, and wrote. And confiderins; that this Creed muft have been for fome Time growing into repute, before it could be thought worthy to have fuch Honour paid it, along with the Lord's-Prayer and Apojile's-Creed-^ I may perhaps be allowed to fet the Time of it's Reception, in the Gdlican Churches, fome years higher : Reception of it, I mean, as an excellent Formu- lary, or an acknowledged Rule of Fmhj tho' not perhaps ad- mitted into their Sacred Offi^ccs. Upon the whole, and upon the ftrength of the foregoing Evidences, we may rcafonably con- clude, that the Reception of this Creed, in the Gallic an Churches, was at leaft as early as 6705 underftanding it of it's Reception into the Publick Offices : But underftanding it of it's Reception as a Rule of Faith, or an orthodox and excellent Formulary and Syftem o^ Belief, it may be juftly fet as high as 550, which is but 20 years, or thereabout, before Fortunatus Com- mented upon it. Le ^w;^ fcruples not to fet it as high as 5 00.*

Spain.

Next to France, we may mention her near Neighbour ^p^^, ^^^ which fcems to have received This Creed very early, and with- in Icfs than a hundred years after the Time before fix'd for it's Reception in France. As to the Truth of the Fad, it may be argued Two feveral ways. i. From the near /Affinity and Re- lation between the Spanip: and Gallican Ofiiccs, before cither

a Non nifi ex eodem i'ymbolo, qnod iam ante receptum-Q^ict., Avitus Viennenfa »-^

alicubi fcribebat &c. Le ^uien. Difleru Damaicen. p. 98,

Francs

So ANTIENT RECEPTION of

France, or Spam had received the Roman, i. From the IVth Council of Toledo J their quoting Pafiagcs from this very Creed.

I. As to the firft Argument, tho' 2. ge?ieral one, it muft ap- pear of Ljreat W^eight. If the Sacred Offices in France and Spain were in rhofe Times tlic fame, or very nearly fo ; then the Reception of this Creed in France will afford a very confider- ablc Argument of it's Reception in Spam alfo.

Cardinal Bo?ia is very large and diffufe in fetting forth the Agreement and Harmony of tiie old Gallican Offices with the Spa}iiJ)j, in fundry Particulars'. And He fuppoles this Uni- formity of the Two Churches to have been as early, at leaft, as the days of Gregory Bilhop of Tours, who died in the Year 595. Mabillon, after Him, frequently afferts the fame Thing**, and with greater Affurancethan Bona had done; having met with new, and fuller Evidences to prove it ; Only, He dates the A- grecment of the Spanifh Mojarabick Offices with the Gallican^ from the Hid and IVth Councils of Toledo,^ the latter of which was in the Year 611. Mr. Dodiirll, fpeaking of the fame mat- ter, fays, " Nor docs Mahillon Himfelf judge it probable that " the Innovations attempted by Pope Vigiiius in Spain held long, " of what kind foever they were. All Spain was foon after ** united in one Form, and that different from the Romafis, and *' agreeing with the Gallican^. It is therefore a plain Cafe, that the Galilean and Spanijh Offices were very much the fame in the beginning of the Vllth Century, and fo continued for Ibme Time. If therefore the Gallican Churches received the Atha- nafian Creed into their Publick Offices before the year 670, it will appear extremely probable that the Spanifh receiv'd it alfo, and about the fame Time. I here make a Di{lin(flion, as I did before, between receiving the Creed as a Rule of Faith, and receiving it into the Solemn Offices, to be recited, or lung in Churches. The Reception of it, in the firit Senfe, I conceive to

a Bona Rerum Liturg. I. i. c 1 1. p. 1572.

b Mabttlon- lic Liturg. Gallican. Pixf. 5c lib. i. c. 3. p. 10, 23.

c Mabtllon. Lib. 1. c. 4. p. 31.

d Dodwell oi Inccnk. p. 1 90.

have

the ATHANASIAN CREED. 8i

have been fomewhat earlier, in Spm'/^j as well as in Franco ^ than it's Reception in the latter Senfe. But as different Churches in France had antiently different Cuftoms, lb alfo was it in Spain-. And therefore it is probable that the Re- ception of this Creed into the publick Offices was in Ibme Churches fooner, and in others later, according to the various Rites, Cuftoms, and Circumllances of the feveral Churches.

But I proceed to the Second Article, whereby we are to prove the Reception of this Creed in Spam.

2. The IVth Council of Toledo cites a confiderable part of this Creed, adopting it into their own Confejjion^. We may be confident that The Creed did not borrow the Exprellions from Them, but They from the Creed ; fmce we are certain that This Creed was made long before the year 633. The Reference to this very Creed appears lb plain in the words of That Council, that moft of the Learned have concluded from thence, that the Spanipj Fathers had both feen, and approved this Creed. Barcn'ms is pofitive that the Council took their Exprellions from it ". Calvifms dates the Fuhlicatiori- of the Creed from That Council '^ : So alfo Aljledius^. GavantuSj in his Com- ments upon the Roman Breviary, concludes from thence that This Creed had been read in the church, as high as That Time ^.

a Nee perfonas confundimus, nee Subftititiam feparamu?. Patrem a nullo factum, vel gcnitum dicimus: Filium a Patre non fadurn, fed gcnitum alTcrimus: Spiritum vero Sanftum nee creatum, nee genitum. fed procedentem a Patne &. Filio profiremur, ipfurti

aiitem Dominum Jefum Chriftum,^ ex fubftantia Patris ante fsecula genitum^ ae-

qualis Patri feciindum Divinitatem, minor Patre fecundum Humanitateni.^ -H^c eft

Ecclefise Catholic3e Fides: Hane Confefflonem Confervamus, atqua tenemus. Quam quifquis firmiffime Cuftodierit, perpetuam Saluteni habebit. j Cowi/. TvUt. IV. Capitul. F,

b Ex eodem Athcmnfii Symbolo ea verba primi Capituli Toletant quarti Cosicilii de- du<5la nofcuntur, quibus dicitur, Patrem a nullo facium &c. Baron. Annal. Ton), j. p. 436.

c Repofirum fait in Archivis, nee pubUcAtum, nifi, quantum ex Hiftoriis conjicere !icet, poft trecentos fere Annos, ubi in Conciiio Toletano quarto quardam ex eo trai.flata verba recenlentur. Seth, Calvif. Op. Chronolog. p. 596.

d Symbolum Athanafii ab illo fcriptum eft Rom£ itidem contra Ariuf?). Publicatum eft poft ?oo fere Annos in Coneilio Toletano, & inde ufque ad noftra Tempora in Erclelia ufurpatum. ^//?e</. Thefaur. p. 1 78.

e Athanafius dum eftet Romi, fcripfit latine Symbolum— ——— 6c recitavit coram Pontifice 8c ei alTidentibus, Ann. 34a, ut fcribit Buron'ms; 8c eft illud idem, non muta- tum, legique Jolitum in EccU/ia, ante annos nongentos fexaginta. Vide Annates ad Annum prKdifium, Barthol. Gavant. Commcntar. in Rubric. Bretjiarii Romani. p. 106.

L Helvicus

Si ANTIENT RECEPTION of

i^dvicHS * falls in with the Opmion of Cclvifms, and Aljle- dm, grounded upon the Exprefllons of this Council being parallel to thofe of the Creed. Thefc Authors have perhaps carried the Point too- far, in fuppofing This a fufficicnt Proof of any publkk Reception of the Creed in Spmn, at That Time, or of it's being read in their Churches: But it is clear enough, that the Spanifh Fathers had both feen and approved it ; other- wife They could not, or would not, have borrow'd fo plainly from it. Thus much is allowed by moft of the learned Mo- derns, as .^efnel ^ Natdis Alexander % Montfaucou d, Tillemont ^y Muraforms, Oudm^, and Others, that the Expreffions of That Council, and This Creed, are parallel, and one borrow'd from the other, and the words of the Council from the words of the Creed: Only, Murdtorius hints as if a doubt might be made whether the Council took from the Creed, or the Creed from the Council § ; which may feem flrange in Him, who fuppofes the Creed to have been made by Fortunatus, many years before That Council was held. But, I fuppoic, He is there fpeaking of the Argument drawn from the words of that Council alone, abftracling from the other Circumftance, and previous to the Confideration of Fortunatm's Comment : Other wife He is guilty of a very great Over-fight. It appears then, that this Creed was known, and approved in Spain as early as 633 : And it is obfervable how exadly This falls in with the Time, when the Spamfh Churches are fuppofed to have received the Gdlic^fn Offices, according to Mabillorh Account. Wherefore it is cx-

a ^;^4»<3r/;/« Symbolum fcribit 'R.omst,, & Concilio offert; non tamen publicatur, nifi pofl: 300 fcrniC Annos in Cov^cX\o Toletano- Helvic. Theatr- Hijlor. ad An. ^^p-

b Imo & jam ab Anno 653 aliqua ey ifto Symbolo dclcripta mihi videntur in ea Con- feffione Fidei, q'laeedita efl; a Concilio Toletano. 4. habeturque Capit, i.cjufdem. ,^e/nel, DiflTcrt. XIV.* p. 751.

c Natal. Alexand. Tom. IV. p. 109.

d Montfauc. Diatrib. p. 72c.

e Tillemont. Memoires- Tom. 8- p. 670.

f oudin. Comment, de Script. Eccl. p. 548-

g Vcrum ne majoris qiiiJcni momcnti funt verba ilia, qus in Concilii Toletani quarti ProfcHione leguntur: Quamvis enim Phrafes nonnulla: ibidem inyeniantur Symboli Phrali- bus oppido finiilcs, attamen ejufmodi noft funt ut iis Patribus Symholnm jam innotuifle dcmonftrent. Quin ex eoJem Concilio has formulas quis deiibaJTe videri poteft, ut inde $yn)bolHm iftud conflaret, Mtiratorii Anecdot. Ambrof. Tom. 1. p. 223.

trcmely

7he ATEANASIAN CREED, S|

ttemely probable, that about This Time They rccsivd this Creed fiom the Gallica?^ Churches ; received it as an Orthodox Formu- lary, and an approved R^le of Fmh. As to their taking it into their pMck Service, and Pfrlmody, I pretend not to let it fo hi^^h, having no Proof that they did receive it, in that Senfe, fo^early : But as foon as the Gdlicm Churches made it a part of ihcin Pfdmody, we may reafonably think that the Spmijh did fo too 5 or within a very fhort Time after.

German y.

Next to Frmce, and Spam, we may mention Germmiy^, not Soo only becaufe of their nearnefs of Situation to Trmce, but alfo becaufe of their mutual Intercourfe, and Affinity with each other. This Creed, very probably, was received in fome Parts of Germmyy foon after it obtain d in the Gdlicm Church. The mutual Intercourfe of the German and Gdlicm Churches makes it probable : And the antient Manufcript of the Creed found -at Treves, or Triers, in Germany, may perfuade the fame Thing. Our pofi'tive Evidence is however clear and certain for the Re- ception of the Creed, as early as 870, being then tranflated by Otfridus into the German, or Teutonick Language. Anjchariuss Inftrudions to his Clergy (above mention'd; will afford an Ar- gument for the Reception of this Creed in Germany from the Time of his holding the See of Hamburg, or from 830: And it was received at Bajil, as we learn from Hatto Bilhop of the Place, before 820. Indeed, I have above refer'd ^^/Z to 7^//?;^^^, confiderino; how it flood in Hattos Time, and that it was part of antient^ Gaul : But then it was upon the Confines of Ger- many, and has in later Times been reckon'd to it 5 and we have good reafon to think that the Cuftoms of thz German Churches in the IXth Century were nearly the fame with thofe of the Church of Bajil in 820. What pafs'd in the Council oi Frank- fort (if I miftake not in my Conflrudion of it; may warrant the carrying it up as high as 794- And it was 6 years before That, namely in the year 7 8 8, that Pope Adrian fent to St. Willehad, Bifhop of Breme,^ The famous Pfaltcr of Charles the

L 2 Great,

84 ANTIENT RECEPTION of

C;r^/% with this Creed in it, the fame that I have fpokcn of above. No wonder therefore that Anfcharius and RembertuSj after- wards Archbilhops of Hamburg and Breme, fo very highly valu'd This Creed. The particular regard paid to this Creed by Charles the Cre^t, in the year 772, may plead perhaps in favor of a more early Date : At Icaft, no doubt can be made but as foon as He came to be Emperor^ if not a great deal fooner, the GemifLn Churches (as well as the Gdlicati before) admitted this Creed, even into tho^i): public k OlHces. It is of This Time that an Aaonymous Author cited above, in a Trad direded to Charlemagne^ then Emperor, fays, that this Creed was profefsd by the Umverfal church. We cannot therefore be miftaken in fetting the Re- ceptiori' of it in Germany , as high as the year 800. So high may pals for certain Fad: And there is great probability for the mnning it up many years higher.

England.

%%o As to our own Country, we have clear and pofitive Proof of the Creed's being fung alternately in our Churches in the Tenth Century, when Abbo of Fleury an ear-witnefs of it, was here j and when the Saxon Veffions, ftill extant, were of {landing ufc for the Inftrudion and Benefit both of Clergy and People. Thefe Evidences alone will prove the Reception of this Creed ui England to have been as early as 950, or 930, or the Time of Athelftan, whofe Latin Pfalter, with, the Creed in it, remains to this Day. The Ag^c of the manufcript Verfions will war- rant us thus far : But, polllbly, if thofe Verfions were thoroughly cxamin'd by a Critick in the Saxon, it might appear that the Verfion, or Verfions were many years older than the Manu- fcripts. This I am no judge of my felf j nor have I an oppor- tunity of Examining : But I am willing to leave a fhort Hint

a Codex iftc— — — in Bibliotheca cubiculari fummi Pcntificis HaJriani I. pcrmanfit uP que ad Annum DCCLXXXVIII, quo S. M^'illehadus ab codem, cum confcnfu Caroli M. primus Epifcopus Iire7)}enfis dcclaratus eft. Tunc videlicet P. P. HaJnanus cundcm ilium Codicetn Pfalterii, queni ipfe in principio Pontificatus fui tanquam munus gratulatorium a- Carob Magna acceperar, cadem ratione donavir S. Wdlehadcy ut ille, in novo Epifcoparu Tpp, fru^tetur uft^.^cri iftiuj^ munerist Lttm^tc CataL B.bl. Vindsb. 1, 2. c. f. p-'z97-

with,

Jhe ATEAUASUN CREEJ>. 2^