OFFICIAL PUBLICATION
WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
winning ways
AR Regular Tram of King Levon I 1198-1219
OCTOBER, 1995
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
VOLUME 4 No. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
Win
WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Organization Mailing Address:
Patti J agger, Secretary
P.O. Box 500804
San Diego, CA 92150-0804
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
President Gayle Pike
Vice-President Gail Watson
Secretary' Patti Jagger
Treasurer Barbara Sisneros
Publicity Peggy Heffeman
Parliamentarian/Sergeant At Arms
Cynthia Mohon
Editor Gloria Peters
Advertising Tammi Bansemer
Fund Raising Liz Arlin
Newsletter
WINNING WAYS is a quarterly publication of Women In Numismatics. The accep- tance of an ad (business or classified) does not constitute approval or endorsement by WIN. WIN claims no liability for content of business or classified ads, and all ads are accepted on a space limited basis.
Letters-to-the-Editor Policy Letters-to-the-Editor are welcome from both members and non-members and must include your name, address and phone num- ber.
Letters will be published in WINNING WAYS as space and publication deadlines permit, and are subject to Editorial discretion. Whenever a letter is addressing a specific problem that the Board can assist in resolv- ing, it will be forwarded to the appropriate personnel.
Feature Articles
Articles, photos and features pertaining to the numismatic industry are welcome and are subject to editorial discretion and edit- ing.
Publication deadline dates are:
November 15 January issue
February 15 April issue
May 15 July issue
August 20 October issue
Mailing Address
Please address your journal correspondence to:
Gloria E. Peters, Editor 14252 Culver, #490 Irvine, CA 92714 Phone: (714) 559-5797 Fax: (714)559-0777
The
Presidents
Page
Gavle K Pike
I guess all good presidents should have words to the wise for those they lead. Mine are avoid lifting boxes of rolls and linoleum bathroom floors in motels. Both are killers. For backs that is. It was with the greatest of regret that I had to miss our ANA meeting. Back in June I had messed my back up lifting some rolls. Stupid thing was I knew I shouldn't have done it when I did and did it anyway. My back was still a disaster when I stepped out of the shower at a motel and put one foot on the bath mat to dry and that foot went sailing across the room and as it did I could hear the wrenching noise as my back gave way. I couldn't do the splits in high school but I sure did that day. Two days later I could lie down and I could stand. Sitting was another story and since I didn't think the airline would let me travel standing all the way (as if I could) I reluctantly missed the ANA. Things went so smoothly I was hardly missed but that comes with having good officers. And I want you to know we have some of the best. I hear Patti Jagger did a great job running the meeting. I also understand I missed a great program by Mark Borchardt on coin trivia from the year 1 965. I had talked to Gloria Peters who told me some of the interesting things from his talk and it sounds as if I missed a really great program.
That's one thing about WIN meetings. They are fun and educational. I know many of our members have never had the chance to attend a meeting whether by chance or choice. I can't stress enough that my best benefit of membership has been the business contacts and friendship with other WIN members as well as I have learned a lot from our speakers.
For those of you that have never been to a WIN meeting let me tell you a little about a meeting. Most of the dull and boring business of running the organization is done in the Board meeting by the Executive Committee so that the General membership meeting is usually very brief. We present an overview of what the board is doing and if there is any- thing that needs to come before the entire membership it's presented. Our General Mem- bership meeting usually lasts no more than 15 minutes. Then we have a guest speaker on a numismatic topic.
The ladies that have gotten our speakers over the past few years have all done an excellent job. Our guest speaker usually talks for around 30 minutes. Now we all know that guest speakers can sometimes be rather long winded and frankly boring. I can really brag on our. Not once have I ever found myself keep looking at my watch thinking "when is he gonna be done." But, I have frequently wished the speaker had talked longer because he, or she, was so interesting. We try to allow a few minutes at the end of the meeting to chat and visit with the guest speaker and ask questions.
So, for those of you that have never attended a WIN meeting thinking that it was a long boring meeting, or we had a long winded speaker. Guess again. Make it a point to get to a meeting. I promise you that you will be glad you did.
As you know our raffle at the ANA was to raise money for the repair of some books in the ANA Library. Through years of use and just age in general many 'one-of-a-kind' books are in need of repair. WIN is happy to be a part of this and we have forwarded a check in the amount of $375 to the ANA Library. While I was at the ANA summer conference I had the chance to use the Library and see some of the books that we will be helping to repair. The ANA Library is a wealth of information to any numismatic researcher. We certainly appre- ciate all the participation by so many of our members. WIN member David Sundman sent a $100 donation to this project and we thank him for his generosity. But, we also owe a debt of gratitude to those that bought tickets. Congratulations and thanks to 1st place win-
Continued on page 18
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Page 1
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
A Survey Of The Coinage Of Cilician Armenia
Tracking The Market With Pat
WIN’s ANA Library Book Restoration Drawing
Leon A. Saryan Ph.D.
Page
Patricia Davis
Page
WIN's ANA Summer Conference Scholarship 1996
Deadline for application November 15,1995
Page 19
If you haven't com- pleted the questionaire of why more women are not involved in numis- matics it's not too late. See the July issue and mail it off today.
DEPARTMENTS
Board of Directors
The President's Message
The Table Of Contents
Viewpoint-The Editor.
From The Secretary's Desk
FEATURES
A Survey Of The Coinage Of Cilician Armenia-Leon A. Saryan Ph.D.
Tracking The Market With Pat-Patricia Davis
WIN's ANA Library Book Restoration Donation
WIN's Literary Award
World Series Of Numismatics-Champions Farran Zerbe Memorial Award
Travel Tips
The Bibliophile-Kenneth Bressett
WIN Members
WIN's ANA Scholarship for 1996
Numis Mania
WIN's Newest Junior Member.
WIN Application For Membership-
Cover and art by Cindy Mohon
<wqq^ ANA £AcE(EcTcIcN&
Saturday 8:00 A1A (5ong ^Beach, CACon^ention September 30, 1995
^Please join us
Page 1 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 9
Page 4 Page 8 Page 11 Page 12
Page 14 Page 16 Page 18 Page 19 Page 19 Page 21 Page 21
Page 2
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
Viewpoint
By Gloria Peters
Gloria Peters
he summer ANA in Anaheim, CA is over— whew! It was one heck of a busy time, especially since Cindy Mohon and I also at- tended the Pre-Anaheim show the week prior. We really liked the somewhat smaller show at ANA. The feeling was psy- chologically pleasing and the public seemed enthusiastic. Col- lectors could get around to all the tables, if they wished, ask questions and talk to friends.
After taking friends to dinner one night, attending the first auction session until 1:30 A.M. and the NLG Bash the next night, Friday was a night off. Friday afternoon Cindy presented "From Pattern To Pocket Change: Shield Nickels" at the Numismatic Theatre, and I understand it went very well. About 60 collectors attended. Outstanding for a first presentation, I thought. The program listed us as being from Culver City instead of Irvine, but that was a very minor slip... unless you are trying to find us.
I've been told more ANA Directors belong to WIN than any other numismatic organization. Let's see, there is Helen Carmody, Will Rossman, J.T. Stanton, Anthony Swiatek, and although not a dues paying member. President Ken Bressett , who authors the Bibliophile column in Winning Ways. We're still short by Kay Lenker, Scott Travers, Gary Lewis and John Wilson (Nancy does belong however). It would be nice to have all the Board members visible in their support of Women In Numismatics.
The 1 st prize (2 tickets to Disneyland) winner was one of the mailed in tickets. The gentleman who won purchased only one ticket from Nancy Wilson at the Central States Show in Milwaukee. That's a 66% return on the dollar. Not bad.
Several members sold tickets at the show but it was tough this time and we could have used more helping hands The show was very busy and we all had to staff our tables plus find coins for our customers. Thanks go especially to Gail Watson, Liz Arlin, Tammi Bansemer, Peggy Heffernan, (and their bosses), Cindy Mohon, Barbara Sisneros, and Patti Jagger for their contributions in helping WIN pull every- thing together. Good job!
In this issue we once again encourage our members to apply for the WIN scholarship to the ANA Summer Confer- ence held in Colorado Springs in the summer of 1996. WIN will pay the ANA member tutition and coach airfare for this educational and fun filled week. The lucky member's name will be drawn Saturday at the FUN Convention in January. The requirements are easy so be sure to enter (pg. 1 9). Gayle Pike, this year's winner, sent a nice letter which was read at the ANA meeting.
WIN had nine articles competing for our Literary Award and the scores were tight. Our judges were highly qualified and we appreciate their taking time from their busy sched- ules to do a yeoman job for us.
WIN picked up two memberships at ANA — Rebecca Fuller a young lady who at 1 3 years old already has her own published column (picture pg. 21), and David Alexander of Stacks. David is a numismatic scholar, author, etc. etc.. Board of Directors member and Editor of NLG. Our organization may be small by comparison to some, but we are darn proud of our members and their contributions to our hobby. A com- plete list of members, as of this date, is on page 18 of this issue. Patti Jagger is working on getting out a membership directory and it should be available soon.
Many members of WIN responded with ticket donations for the project to restore books at the ANA Library. We raised $141 in the mail alone. Our thanks to all who sent in their dollar (s). The story is in this issue.
This issue is packed. We have the excellent article pre- sented at the WIN meeting in Milwaukee by Dr. Saryan en- titled "A Survey Of The Coinage Of Cilician Armenia" com- plete with illustrations.
Please note. The deadline for articles and advertising for the July issue has been moved from June 1 to May 15.
&
WANTED
WE NEED A FEW COPIES OF WINNING WAYS. VOL. 3 #1— (JAN. HOURGLASS ISSUE). IF YOU HAVE ONE OR MORE EXTRA COPIES PLEASE SEND OR CONTACT THIS EDITOR ASAP. $$
THANK YOU,
714-559-5797
Page 3
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 NO. 4 OCTOBER, 1995
a subvgy OP Tti^ aorna©ei op cil-icehd a«MOt)ia
by Leon A. Saryan, Ph.D.
From ancient times up to the present moment, the right to issue money has been the preroga- tive of the nation-state, whether that state be an omnipotent empire, a feudal mon- archy, or a modern parliamentary democ- racy. For most of recorded history, stamped metallic disks of copper, silver, and gold have served mankind as the pre- ferred medium of commerce and ex- change. Coins are portable, usually have;-., some intrinsic value, are of carefully regu- lated size and weight, and are impressed with a seal as a guarantee by the issuing authority.
In ancient and medieval Armenia, as elsewhere, coins were struck typically by direct royal authority. The king would ap- point a mint director who was answerable to the king for the quantity and quality of the issue. Master engravers were em- ployed to create dies with a specified de- sign and inscription, and workmen pre- pared blanks of the desired metallic com- position and weight. Coins were then made individually by placing a heated blank between a pair of dies and striking once or twice with a hammer. The designs and inscrip- tions on the dies would be transferred to the new coin. These re- flected the symbolism of the state and its rulers, and would gener- ally be changed each time a new king came to power. Evidence from the coins themselves indicates that new rulers usually reorga- nized mint operations at the beginning of their reigns.
Unlike the situation which prevails in our times, not every early king issued coins. Thus, we must seek the principal purposes of early coinage not in the glorification of the ruling family, but in economic needs. These include the need for a convenient medium of exchange to simplify interpersonal transactions; a method to fa- cilitate collection of taxes and duties by the state; a means of pro- moting economic development and prosperity; and a means of making payments to state em- ployees, such as soldiers, and to foreign gov- ernments. Since the nominal value of a coin was typically greater than the intrinsic worth of its metal, the state could also derive a profit, called seigniorage, from mint operations.
A brief introduction to the geography and history of Armenia may be helpful to those who are unfamiliar with this country and its people.
Armenia is located in the Near East in the moun-i tainous districts of the southern Caucasus and eastern Asia Minor. It is the home of Mt. Ararat, a majestic 17,000 foot volcanic peak that is con-^^ sidered the traditional landing spot of Noah’s Ark. Written records mention the Armenians as
Portrait of King Levon I (1198-1219), whose efforts trans- formed the principality of Cilicia into a kingdom. Levon was the first Cilician Armenian ruler to strike coins in silver and gold.
early as the 6th century BC, but recent linguistic research indi- cates that Armenian origins stretch back at least 5000 years.
The Armenian language is a separate and distinct branch of the Indo-European family, with affinities to Greek, Iranian, San- skrit and even English and French. The language is written in a unique and distinctive al- phabet, seen on the medieval coins, which was invented 1600 years ago by the monk Mesrob. The nation was converted to Christianity almost 1700 years ago, in the year 301 AD, sev- eral years before the conversion of Rome. Armenia can thus justly claim to have been the first state in history to adopt Christianity as its state religion. Ever since, her people have de- fended the Christian faith with a zeal and energy which few na-
tions can match. In 1915, over 1.5 million Armenians, about half of the total worldwide population at that time, were massacred by com- mand of the Turkish government in a grisly genocide that proved to be a direct inspiration to Adolf Hitler.
Despite this tragic history, a small portion of historical Arme- nia survives today as the Republic of Armenia, one of the newly independent republics formed from the breakup of the Soviet Union. Mt. Ararat forms a majestic backdrop for Yerevan, Armenia’s capi- tal of 1 million. Yerevan is the cultural and economic center of the country and boasts modern museums, concert halls, theater, opera, industry, universities, scientific research institutes, and cultural in- stitutions. With the aid of Armenians worldwide as well as the United
Continued on page 5
View of the city and castle of Sis, capital and principal mint of Cilician Armenia.
Page 4
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
OCTOBER, 1995
VOLUME 4 No. 4
Cilician Armenia Coinage...Continued
States and other governments, Armenia is gradually extricating it- self from the devastation wrought by the 1988 earthquake and the economic trauma of the post-Soviet period.
Cilicia, the subject of today’s presentation, is not part of Ar- menia proper, but rather is a rugged province situated along the
Mediterranean coast of Asia Minor opposite the island of Cyprus. Eastern Cilicia had been occupied by the Armenian king Tigranes the Great around the year 75 BC, but it was not until the devastat- ing Turkish invasions of historical Armenia beginning around 1 020 AD that Armenians began to reach Cilicia in large numbers. The mountainous districts were settled by several Armenian feudal noble- men and their followers, some of whom consciously sought to reestablish an Armenian qovernment.
Between 1080 and 1375 AD, Cilicia became a new and au- thentic Armenian homeland where Armenian literature, art, archi- tecture, commerce, religion, and polity were preserved and enriched. Cilicia’s importance in Armenian life continued until this century, when her Armenian communities were uprooted in the 1909 mas- sacres and exterminated in the 1915 genocide committed by Tur- key.
It has been written that “[i]f we look for a plethora of artifacts ... and other concrete evidence of the achievements of [Cilician] Armenia, we will be disappointed by the dearth of such evidence.”1 In fact, however, literally tens of thousands of mostly silver coins of Cilician Armenia have survived to our day. These are inscribed in Armenian letters, come in about 100 different types and several thousand minor varieties, and carry the names and iconography of virtually every baron and king who ruled Cilician Armenia between 1080 and 1375.
The coinage of Cilician Armenia is sometimes neglected by scholars, but it ought not to be, since it offers important documen- tary evidence of the country’s history, art, technology, economy, religious life, and culture. This is in great contrast to the situation which prevailed in other parts of medieval Armenia, where a native coinage was practically non-existent. The reasons for this have not been adequately explained, and in any event are beyond the scope of this paper. The fact remains that the Armenian rulers of Cilicia revived this ancient craft, achieving high standards of artistic and technical accomplishment which placed them in the numismatic
forefront during the Middle Ages.
Another important and practical fact about Armenian coins is that a fairly complete type collection can be formed without much difficulty or expense. This is not possible for any other form of ancient or medieval Armenian artifact; manuscripts, stone sculp- ture, ceramic ware, and similar items are virtually un- available to collectors. The study of early coins leads inexorably to a deeper understanding and appreciation of Armenian history and culture.
Let me offer just one example. We know that our Cilician ancestors were very practical people who made new and important contributions in numerous cultural fields. They built magnificent, technologically advanced fortresses to protect their country, wrote texts on law and medicine, constructed and operated harbors and caravan routes, created rich manuscripts with exquisite miniature paintings, and as we have noted, struck coins. The coins reveal, however, that medieval Armenians were not concerned only with such secular pursuits, but to the contrary were intensely religious people who had enormous faith in God and utter confidence in Di- vine Power. Virtually every one of their coins depicts the victorious cross of Christ, sometimes on both faces of the coin. The brief inscriptions very often declare the king’s re- liance upon the “strength” or “grace” of God.
The period of Armenian hegemony in Cilicia coincides with the Crusades, in which movement the Armenians played a note- worthy role. Alone among eastern Christians, Armenian nobles welcomed the Crusaders as liberators and provided them with sup- plies and military aid. The strategic location of the Armenian king- dom protected the northern frontier of the Latin states from Mos- lem attacks.
Only copper coins are known from the period of the Cilician Barony, which lasted from 1080 until 1198. These are extremely rare and were undoubtedly struck in small quantities.
Around 1 198, when the barony was elevated to a kingdom, the mint was reorganized; large numbers of high purity silver coins were now issued, along with copper and gold.2 Active coinage continued until the fall of the kingdom in 1375.
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The Armenian alphabet, designed to fit the particular sounds of the language, was invented in A.D. 406 by Mesrob Mashtots.
Silver trams became legal tender for domestic and interna- tional trade, and for payment of customs duties to the royal trea- sury.1 Copper was used as small change and for local transactions. Gold seems to have been restricted to presentation pieces granted by the king on special occasions. Royal mints were located in the capital Sis, as well as the port cities Tarsus and Ayas.
The fabric and design of Cilician Armenian coinage follows a consistent pattern with much variation. The typical royal silver tram
is the same diameter as a US five-cent piece, and about as thick as
Continued on page 6
Page 5
Map of historic and modern Armenia. Cilician Armenia was located on the Mediterranean coast opposite the island of Cyprus.
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
Cilician Armenian Coinage Continued from page 6
a US ten-cent piece. The weight is almost 3 grams. Each face car- ries a design and an inscription; the center design is separated from the legend by a border of closely spaced dots. Inscriptions read clockwise in capital letters of the Armenian alphabet. At the outer edge of the coin is a second border of dots which indicates the edge
of the coin. Space limitations forced die engravers to ab- breviate their in- scriptions, creating thereby numerous varieties for each basic type.
Silver coins may have passed in commerce by count or by weight. Commercial documents suggest that coins were counted in transactions, but contemporary manuscript illustrations show silver coins being paid according to weight, with the aid of a hand-suspended double pan balance with three wires attached to each pan. 4
Examination of these coins shows that several have small V-shaped notches cut along the edge of the metal. These notches suggest that good silver coins were commonly clipped while in circulation. Clippings from several coins would be collected and melted by persons seeking a profit. If a clipped coin was then passed normally in commerce, the individual doing the clipping could en- rich himself at the expense of the state. The presence of the dot border at the outer edge of the coin was intended to discourage this practice.
The quantity and quality of the silver coins issued at various times very clearly reflects the changing political and economic cir- cumstances of the Armenian state between 1 198 and 1375. During the first seven decades (1198 to 1270), quantity was abundant, workmanship adhered to a high standard, and weight and silver fineness were high, uniform, and equal to or better than contempo- rary coins of neighboring states. At that time, Armenia was ruled by strong leaders (Levon I and Hetoum I) whose reigns were suc- cessful and economically prosperous.
Coinage of subsequent rulers points to a gradual decline that is reflected in reduced quantity, weight, and silver content, as well as deteriorating workmanship. Silvers of Levon 11(1270-1289), for example, are sometimes called new trams because they were of slightly reduced weight and fineness compared to trams of Levon I and Hetoum I. Unlike his predecessors, Levon II was compelled to pay tribute to the enemy.
During the period of Hetoum II and his usurper brothers Smpad and Gosdantin I (1289-1301), silver coinage became rare and mint operations were in apparent disarray, reflecting fratricidal turmoil raging within the royal palace. Between 1301 and 1342, Levon III and successors Oshin and Levon IV restored the quantity of the coinage to some degree; however, silver coins are now desig- nated takvorins and are of even further reduced weight and silver content. The existence of several coins from this period overstruck in Arabic indicates that Armenian silver was accepted as tribute and/or captured as booty by the enemy.
In the final period from 1344 to 1375, further declines were
OCTOBER, 1995
registered. During this period the workmanship was poor and coins were of debased silver alloy composition. Dies are crudely engraved; coins are poorly struck and have irregular borders. Weights decline to less than 2.0 grams. From this period, nevertheless, we are aware of the rule of a king termed, perhaps unfairly, Levon the Usurper, who reigned from 1363 to 1365. He is not attested in Armenian histories, but the existence of several coins in hoards from this pe- riod with a different spelling of the name Levon is convincing evi- dence of his dominion. Facts such as these help to amplify and elucidate history compiled from traditional written sources.
Today, hoards of Armenian coins are discovered annually in the Near East. At one time, these were melted for the manufacture of jewelry, but many now reach the West where they are eagerly sought by private collectors and museums. Prices still remain rea- sonable for relatively common types.
Coppers struck by the barons of Cilician Armenia are ex- tremely rare and seldom found in well-preserved condition. Figure 1, drawn by the famous historian Jacques de Morgan, shows the copper coin of Baron Toros, who ruled from 1 100 to 1123. Note that, at this early date, the pattern of a central design surrounded by
a circular inscription band along the edge carrying the name of the ruler, had been es- tablished. Crosses figure prominently on both faces of the coin. The design is
related to contempo-
Fig.2 Enlarged copper of Baron Roupen II rary Byzantine and
(1175-1187) n a t a
Crusader types, and
reflects the influence of these peoples on medieval Armenian soci- ety.-
Figure 2, another drawing by de Morgan, depicts a very rare copper now attributed to Baron Roupen II, who reigned from 1 175 to 1187. The coin shows a castle on one face and a cross on the other, with circular Armenian legends on both sides. Similar pieces were struck by Prince Toros II, who reigned from 1 144 to 1 168. The designs provide interesting architectural details of Cilician Ar- menian castles and are related to contemporary Crusader coins/
These were tentative and preliminary efforts in comparison with those of King Levon I, whose reign began as Prince Levon II in 1 1 87. It was Levon who, taking advantage of his military strength and the prevailing political situation, successfully transformed the barony into a full-fledged kingdom by appealing to the religious and secular leaders of Europe. Levon had assisted Richard the Lionheart in the conquest of Cyprus, and had been promised a crown by the great German Crusader Frederick Barbarossa. Barbarossa’s accidental death delayed the plan, but Levon eventually received a crown from Henry VI of Germany, and a second crown from Alexius III of Byzantium.' Simultaneously, Levon inaugurated an exten- sive and varied series of silver, copper, and gold coins.
Figure 3 shows a silver double-tram of Levon I, which con- tains about 5.5 grams of high purity silver. Besides its artistic ex- ecution, this is a most remarkable coin for another reason: it is nearly twice as heavy as the prevailing Islamic dirham at a time when the medieval East had not yet completely recovered from a two-century
Continued on page 7
Fig. I. Enlarged copper of Baron Toros I (1100-1123)
Page 6
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
Cilician Armenian Coinage from page 6
silver famine. At this time, the Crusaders were trading mostly with debased lightweight deniers.1 Double-trams were also issued in half and quarter denominations.
The designs show the robed king seated on a throne holding royal insignia, and a single crowned lion holding a processional cross. The inscriptions read some variation of LEVON TAKAVOR AMENAYN HAYOTs--meaning, Levon King of all the Armenians— and GAROGhOUTIAMPN ASDOUDzO— meaning, by the strength of God.
Fig. 3 Enlarged AR double tram of King Levon I (1198-1219)
Fig. 4 Enlarged AR regular tram of King Levon I (1198-1219)
The eminent numismatic scholar Paul Bedoukian has postulated that this was Levon’s first silver issue, the depiction of one crowned lion reflecting the receipt of a single crown. When Levon later re- ceived a second crown from Byzantium, it is thought that he in-
Fig. 5 Enlarged silver or billon denier of King Levon I (1198-1219) with Latin inscription.
OCTOBER, 1995
structed the mint to change the reverse design to show two rampant lions facing a long cross;1' thus we have a new series of coronation trams, and a third series of regular trams (Figure 4), all with similar inscriptions.
The regular tram was issued in huge quantities, probably in excess of ten million coins. This two-lion design appears to have been an original Armenian contribution to numismatic art."1 Each tram contains nearly 3 grams of fine silver. Numerous slight design variations exist, deriving from the use of several hundred different hand-engraved obverse and reverse dies" Regular trams were first struck around the year 1200 and continued after Levon’s death in 1219. Silver half-trams of the same designwere struck, as were gold pieces of both the double- tram and regular tram designs.
Levon also released small silver or billon deniers with Latin in- scriptions (REX ARMENIOR/LEO DEI GRATIA) in connection with his attempted conquest of Antioch (Figure 5). Copper tanks (Figure 6) bearing a lion-head portrait of the king, and weighing about 7 grams, constituted small change issued by Levon’s mint.
Levon took advantage of Cilicia’s strategic position to pro- mote commerce between Europe and Asia. He built harbors and protected caravans, and offered Italian merchants special privileges and reduced duties if they would do business in Cilicia. The conse- quence of this farsighted policy was the creation of a strong trading center in the eastern Mediterranean with close ties to the West, which enriched itself by imposing duties on commercial activity. Several documents pertaining to economic life in Cilician Armenia have been preserved. These provide a fascinating picture of the prevail- ing rates of duty and the relative values of various types of goods.12
Following Levon’s death there was an interregnum of about 7 years, during which Levon’s young daughter Zabel was married to Hetoum of the House of Lambron. The joining of the rival Roupenian and Hetoumian families exerted a stabilizing influence on the kingdom. Continued on page 10
Fig. 7 Enlarged AR bilingual tram of Hetoum I, struck in Sis in 1245
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS Page 7
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
Tracking The Market With Pat
By Patricia Davis Centennial Coin Galleries Torrance, CA
All systems are on “GO” for the next long-term boom in the coin market. This boom will be in both the collector and investment sectors. We haven’t had a dual market since the roll mania of the sixties. This upsurge will come from the same basic impetus - America!
As with the Industrial Revolution, the Hi-Tech Revolution is releasing the creativity of America. Even though our educational system leaves much to be desired, our economic prowess is deter- mined by its best educated, not its worst educated. Our energy derives from its most creative people, not its least inventive. As in the Industrial Revolution, mass change creates both pain and op- portunity. As factories producing buggywhips were liquidated, Model “T” automobiles rolled off the assembly line.
Our infant information-based market will change our life styles. Workers in many diversified fields will be able to choose where to live and will not be constricted to huddle near their present job sites. Just as cities pulled people off the farm in the past, small rural communities with clean air, beautiful views, low crime and good schools will be a magnet drawing creative and hi-tech people who can deliver products and services from their homebase.
Rapid change creates stress in many people. A generation of young people, who cut their teeth on computers and on-line tech- nology flock to movies filled with gump-like nostalgia. Maybe this is a search for emotional roots in our highly mobile society. Many new businesses will be formed that will cater to the emo- tional needs as well as the specialty goods needs and interests of a new generation. Leisure activities will be sought as an escape from the fast pace of life. An activity that combines nostalgia, real assets and family togetherness is coin collecting.
Grass-root America is alive and well and we are learning how to adjust to our new economic reality. Europe will continue to improve with their master craftsman’s skills, but Japan will need more time to squeeze out the remaining excesses and structurally correct the impediments that have been hindering growth and pro- duction in their highly structured market system.
A world of new entrepreneurial opportunity will produce in America innovative, small businesses with a “can do” spirit, that will grow our economy and provide employment in fields not heard of twenty years ago. Individuals with creative thinking and people skills will be in high demand, as well as “techies.”
In this brave, new-world future, our society will face many challenges. Besides the highly published problem of family unit breakdown, I feel that the segmentation of the “Melting Pot” with -the hyphenated national identity, will cause no end of grief. Newly immigrated people use to be proud to be just plain American, whereas now, both natural and legalized citizens insist on separat- ing themselves with a dual nationality status.
As we advance into the next century we also need to create a
Page 8
new way to educate our children. A bureaucratic cocoon now pro- tects the entrenched educational establishment. Good teachers now have to survive in a sea of mediocrity and creative restraint. We need to find a way to let their talent shine and reap the reward for their skill and dedication. Tenure is a six letter word. Producing a quality outcome through knowledge and inspiration in the key to the future of America. Good teachers should be praised and re- warded. Bad teachers should be sent back to the farm team to prac- tice leaching skills under the wing of master teachers. If corpora- tions ran their companies the way many school systems run the business of education our young they would be bankrupt. Money is not the answer. Quality teachers, a supportive staff and an astute fiscally prudent management team needs to be in place before we even think about throwing money into our school systems. We don’t need the school system to teach our children how to feel, we need to teach children critical thinking.
If we voters can learn to see through the political machina- tions of the “inside the beltway” group, we can elect representa- tives who will really control and really limit government spending, not just talk about it. We need to revamp the income tax monster and thereby do what is right for America, instead of having our representatives give special breaks to special interest lobbyists. If we can get our national fiscal house in order, it will be a blessing to our children who are the future taxpayers, as well as the present generation. Taxpayers will be able to retain more of their pay- checks, which can be invested and saved to provide individuals the chance to experience the pursuit of happiness.
Baby boomers will soon be experiencing the peak in their earning capacity. If just this one group is allowed to keep more of what they earn, their pursuit of happiness might include the study and collecting of numismatics. Another group that have become more involved in coin collecting in recent years are kids. What would make the coin collecting market explode, would be an ongo- ing circulating commemorative program. Do you realize how many non-collectors save the Bicentennial Drummer Boy quarters? Alas, one commemorative does not a collector make. If we had new circulating commemoratives we would see thousands of new col- lectors becoming enamored with their out-of-change collection. The natural evolution for many of these new collectors would be to learn more about coins and with their new found hobby, hopefully would expand their collecting interest and advance into higher grade and rarer coins. These new collectors would hopefully have enough discretionary income which would allow them to further their pur- suit of happiness.
As I update my want list for the upcoming ANA convention in Anaheim, I can’t help noticing the change that has occurred since the last ANA convention in California in 1989. Today 90% of the
Continued on page 9
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
OCTOBER, 1995
VOLUME 4 No. 4
Tracking The Market from page 8
coins on my want list are raw, circulated collector coins. In 1989, only 5% of want list consisted of circulated collector coins. This collector demand is what a strong, lasting coin market is built upon.
The bullish stock market is making a lot of people feel richer. Pull backs are considered buying opportunities as the bull contin- ues to roar. Many stocks, that have had a rocket ride, should be sold and the profit reinvested in many of the cyclicals that have not advanced; but only if you feel the market has more upside to go. The new Dow Jones highs have been accomplished with only a select part of the overall market participating. There is solid value in many issues that have been shunned or overlooked by fund managers, where a herd mentality exists. These are the stocks which are waiting in the wings, ready to perform as the bull mar- ket expands. I think this bull market will continue for awhile. There are still too many bears and front covers of magazines warn- ing people of a major pull back. The euphoria of a “can’t lose” in the market has not as yet appeared. The stock market, even though volatile, will remain in a bullish mode until the wind blows and turkeys fly. When this bull market finally plays itself out the market won’t just dip, the bull will drop dead! In the meantime, as the market goes up, many astute will take money off the table and hedge their positions with hard assets, turning paper money into wealth. Rare coins have in the past fared very well in this scenario.
After the past half-dozen years of cutbacks, restructuring and re-inventing themselves, many large corporations are again feeling their oats. This year the market has been abuzz with mul- tiple, mega-mergers. Jockeying for a competitive advantage in the world market, multi-media titans are adding to their future bottom line by developing the capacity to reach out and touch everyone. More is coming in other industries. Prime on the list is the financial and banking sectors. They will enter the merge, buy-out and take-over arena in a vigorous way if a proposal is approved to convert the Thrifts and Saving & Loans to banks. If they are converted into banks, the Thrifts and S & L's will expe- rience an earnings boost, due to the lesser cost of their insurance burden and their ability to diversify.
Large banks will pounce on the healthy, profitable new banks like a flock of geese on a pile of june bugs. As the banking and investing laws are revised, the large banks will aspire to become giants by gobbling up market share.
When the world of politics looks like a sinking mudhole and bankers play their shell games, be of good cheer, because millions of great Americans are working, creating, raising and educating their children and they are the real strength of America. So if you find yourself stumbling through the unfamiliar cyberspace future, buy a pair of rosy glasses, plant a hyacinth for thy soul and add a pretty key-date coin to your inventory or col- lection.
God bless you and yours,
From the Secretary’s Desk
Patti J agger
GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING AUG. 19, 1995 Anaheim, CA
The meeting was called to order at 8:10 a.m. by Patti Jagger in the absence of the President and Vice- Presi- dent.
Minutes of the previous meeting were read and accepted. A motion made by Mary Sauvain, second by Gloria Peters, all approved.
Treasurers report was read. Balance of general fund $ 7340.56 and Scholarship fund of $ 1 102.93. Total $ 8443.49 Report Accepted.
Correspondence: letter from American Numismatic So- ciety accepting us formally as members. Thank you from Gayle pike as winner of the scholarship contest.
Old Business:
1. Sealed bids must be in at this meeting. Several members submitted them there, winning bid of $66 goes to Mary Sau- vain.
2. Report sheets from Dr. Turfboer’s survey should have been received by all members. They should be returned to Dr. Turfboer quickly.
3. Drawing: Gloria needs more tickets sold today to insure we have a successful drawing for the A.N.A. Library Restoration Fund. Monies will be used only for this purpose.
4. Literary Award: First Prize to J.T. Stanton, plaque and $50 stipend. Award presented by Judge Cindy Grellman. We ap- preciate all who contributed to our Journal for the past year.
5. Scholarship Fund and Award: Gayle’s letter showed how very interesting and helpful a class can be. We hope more will take part next year.
Refreshments were served.
Mark Borchardt of Bowers and Merena Gal- leries was our guest speaker. His topic “ 1 965
Continued on page 12
Change Of Address?
Please notify your Secretary ASAP
Patti Jagger P.O. Box 500804 San Diego, CA 92150-0804
Page 9
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
OCTOBER, 1995
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
Cilician Armenian Coinage from page 7
History records that the kingdom was also in good hands dur- ing the 45-year reign of Hetoum I. He was able to pacify the threat posed by marauding tribesmen on his northern border, with a series of unique and artistic silver bilingual trams (Figure 7).1’ The king is shown on horseback with the inscription HETOUM TAKAVOR HAYOTs-meaning, Hetoum King of the Armenians- while the Ara- bic reverse mentions the name and title of one of two Seljuk sul- tans. These coins, ex- ecuted care- fully in small quantity, ap- pear to have been a com- memorative issue rather than a tribute
Fig. 8 Enlarged AR regular tream of King Hetoum I co:nape (1226-1270) g ‘
Hetoum also struck regular silver trams to serve commercial purposes. These retained the standards of weight and fineness es- tablished by Levon, and were likewise struck in huge quantity, but utilized completely new iconography (Figure 8). Hetoum is shown here standing with Queen Zabel at his side— indicating his rank as king consort —with a lion and long cross on the reverse. This is one of a few examples of a woman depicted on Armenian money. The inscription is similar to that on the coins of Levon, reading, as before, Hetoum ECing of the Armenians, and, on the reverse, GAROGhOUTIAMPN ASDOUDzO-meaning, by the strength of God. Two denominations of copper coins were issued, the tank
(Figure 9) and the smaller kardez. Rare gold pieces were also struck. Hetoum’s personal efforts nearly succeeded in converting the
Fig. 10 Enlarged AR new tram of King Levon II (1270-1289), struck in Sis.
crowned lion. Some coins of this type bear legends indicating that they were struck in the Mediterranean port city Ayas.“ New trams were slightly reduced in weight and silver fineness from those of
Levon I and Hetoum I, re- flecting a de- cline in the country’s politi- cal and eco- nomic fortunes. The copper kardez of Levon II (Figure 1 1 )
Fig. 11 Enlarged AE kardez of King Levon n (1270-1289).
shows a new combination of cross and lion designs. The inscrip- tion on the reverse reads HADEAL I KAGhAKN SIS-also mean- ing made in the city of Sis— instead of the more common ShINEAL
Fig. 12 Enlarged AR takvorin of King Levon III (1301-1307), struck in Sis.
Mongols to Christianity. The alliance which he forged with them helped consolidate Armenia’s strategic position between two pow- erful enemies, the Seljuk sultanate of Konya and the Egyptian Mamelukes. As the Crusader states weakened, Armenia became increasingly isolated.
Hetoum was succeeded by Levon II, who struck coins in sil- ver (Figure 10), copper, and (probably) gold. On this silver “new tram” the king is shown on horseback, with the reverse showing a
form. Levon II and his wife Keran were famous patrons of the arts, and some of the finest illuminated Armenian manuscripts date from this period.
After Levon II, the fortunes of Cilician Armenia declined further, despite the heroic and often successful efforts of the lead- ers to keep the country afloat after the demise of the Crusader states. The silver content of fourteenth century coins, beginning with Levon III, was even further reduced, and these coins were
Continued on page 15
Page 10
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
WIN s ANA Library Book Restoration Donation
WIN members and friends are to be congratulated for purchasing tickets in WIN's drive to raise funds to restore research books at the ANA Li- brary in Colorado Springs. Barbara Sisneros, WIN Treasurer,
reported:
Tickets sold by mail $141.00
Tickets sold at ANA Anaheim $204.00
Donation David Sundman, Littleton Coins. ...$100.00
Total $450.00
Expenses $75.00
Net $375.00
A check in the amount of $375 was sent to Ken Bressett, ANA President, for the ANA Library (Book) Restoration Fund. WIN Board of Directors is considering possibly mak- ing the Library a yearly fund raising event. We have requested "an update on the number of volumes this donation repaired and a picture or two to aid in our decision and future public- ity."
WIN considers the ANA Library an invaluable resource to numismatic students of all ages. It is WIN's desire to help keep irreplaceable books in good condition so they can con- tinue to be sent to hobbyists via the mail for those unable to travel to ANA headquarters.
We would like to hear from all our members prior to a Board decision to make the ANA Library a yearly project. We currently have 3 fund raisers per year to continue the ANA Educational Scholarship award for members. This would take one of the fund raisers and desiginate it exclu- sively for the ANA Library Fund. It's going to require active participation from many members, not just a few. The ANA show was extremely busy and our active members who were present were not able to solicit a donation from many who attended. We'll need your thoughts prior to the FUN show in January. Please think about it and drop a line to your Editor. Your wishes will be presented to the Board. You decide the future direction for WIN.
Ken Bressett, ANA President, pulled the winning tickets from the box held by Barbara Sisneros, WIN Treasurer.
First prize award went to Clyde Brinkman of Wisconsin. Clyde purchased a ticket from Nancy Wilson at the Central States show in Milwaukee. Two Disneyland tickets, good for any time, were sent with our congratualtions.
Second prize of WIN's elongated coin set was presented to Ginger Pike of David Pike Rare Coins.
Third prize of John Highfill's U.S. Silver Dollar Encyclope- dia (autographed by several contributors to the book) was awarded to Gail Watson of Bowers and Merena.
Congratulations to our Winners!
Ginger Pike won WIN's second prize. The elongated coin set (1994)#! of 5.
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Page 1 1
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
WIN S LITERARY AWARD
J.T. Stanton was the receipent of WIN's first Literary Award at the membership meeting at ANA in Anaheim. The mini series "Coin Photography Made Simple" was considered the top story submitted to Winning Ways in 1994. The competition was tight with only a couple of points sepa- rating the nine entries. A certificate of appreciation and our thanks was presented to each of our judges: Cindy Grellman (collector, author and WIN member), John Highfill (author and dealer) and Eric Von Klinger (author and newspaper edi- tor).
Cindy Grellman presented WIN's Literary Award plaque to J.T. Stanton, newly elected ANA Governor, during the WIN meeting. J. T. donated the $50 prize money to the ANA Y.N. program.
Secretary Continued from page 9
In Numismatics”. 1965 was a turning point in many ways. A.N.A. decision to relocate in Colorado Springs, 2 different bills before Congress which almost wiped out our industry, the roll market crashed, the Franklin Mint started, clad coin- age began and Pres. Johnson signed the Coinage Act. These were some of the highlights of Mark’s presentation.
When J.T. Stanton was presented with his award at the end of the meeting, he asked his $50 prize be given to the YN fund. Tammi Bansemer introduced Kim Pichler, our newest mem- ber of WIN. Welcome!
The meeting was adjourned at 8:55 a.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Patti Jagger, Secy
Speaker Mark Borchardt received a Cer- tificate of Appreciation from WIN Secretary Patti Jagger.
World Series Of Numismatics
David T. Alexander and Anthony Swiatek captured the title in the fifth annual World Series of Numismatics Aug. 18 at the ANA convention in Anaheim. The win made the team's third title in four years. The champions closed the 1 995 com- petition with 430 points. Second place team of John Kraljevich Jr. and John Burns followed with 385 and the com- petition for first place was very tough.
WIN's team, the Progressive Pundits, didn't compete this year, but WIN was there in spirit and encouragement. Both David and Anthony are WIN members. ..in case you didn't know.
Alexander and Swiatek can't compete in 1996 as a team. ..called 'time out' when you are so successful. Next year should be interesting.
Congratulations to ^ou both.
1995 Farran Zerbe Memorial Award
WIN member, Dorothy Baber, co-honored with Bill Fivaz received the 1995 Farran Zerbe Memorial Award for Distinguished Service. Couldn't happen to a harder workers or nicer people. The hobby has been bountifully blessed by both.
Congratulations!
JOIN AN ELITE GROUP-BECOME A WIN MEMBER
WE ARE PROUD OF OUR MEMBERSHIP!
Page 12
WINNING WAYS.. .WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
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MEMBERS: PCGS, NGC PNG, ANA, NLG, CCE
TEXAS COMMERCE BANK BUILDING 5177 RICHMOND, Suite 200 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77056
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Page 13
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
By KRISTIN JACKSON The Seattle Times
Planning to rent a car in the United States this summer?
It’s getting more costly, and more complicated, now that some major car-rental companies, including Hertz and Avis, are abolishing unlimited free mileage for rentals in some U.S. cities.
This summer will be the shakedown period when rental com- panies will see if they can make the new charges stick— and spread. In general, the new mileage rules allow a car renter 100 free miles a day Beyond that there’s a charge of 25 cents per mile.
In recent weeks. Hertz has imposed the mileage caps in 50 cities, including Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Washington, and New York City.
Avis currently has caps in 20 cities, including Atlanta and Cleveland. But by July 13, the caps will be in effect “at most major-market locations,” said Avis spokesman, Terry Gordon.
The caps are not yet in effect in fiercely competitive vacation mar- kets such as Hawaii, Florida or California. And Alamo, a major player in the vacation car-rental market, is vacillating. Alamo kicked off the trend by experimenting with mileage charges for several months this spring, but then reverted to unlimited mileage. What- ever happens in the long term, the car-rental pricing structure has become a lot more confusing in the short term. Here are some sug- gestions for summer time car renters
SHOP AROUND. Comparison shopping is more important than ever. Hertz may have mileage charges in one city, Avis and Budget may not. Or vice versa. Get on the phone now to find and reserve— the best deal before the mileage limits spread.
OCTOBER, 1995
out to be any cheaper. And check for discounts available to mem- bers of the American Automobile Association, the American Asso- ciation of Retired Persons, and other groups. Also see if mileage charges can be lessened by using frequent-flier award promotions.
LOCAL VS. FLY-IN. To add to the confusion, in some cities the free-mileage cap applies only to local residents who rent cars, not those who fly in. At LAX and John Wayne Airport, local renters of Hertz cars will get 100 free miles a day. But customers who fly in to those two airports— the vast majority of car renters-still get unlim- ited mileage.
* * * * * * **
Orange County Register
THE PROS AND CONS OF A TRAVEL AGENT. A travel agency offers one-stop shopping for your airline, hotel and car reserva- tions. Theoretically, the legwork of a good agency can yield more benefits than shopping around on your own, particularly for shorter trips. More importantly, all but the smallest agencies will have pre- ferred rates with a couple of car rental companies. But what works well in theory doesn’t always function in the real world.
“We’ve found you usually will get a better rate if you call a rental agency’s 800 number,” said analyst Ed Perkins, editor of the Consumer Reports Travel Letter. “The agencies have got to get to- gether with the car-rental comapnies to work this out.”
Perkins also noted that once an initial booking is made, a travel agent may not be attentive to special deals and lower rates as they emerge closer to your rental period.
UNDERSTAND YOUR INSURANCE POLICY BEFORE YOU ARRIVE. One of the great cash cows of the car-rental industry is the notorious “collision damage waiver,” which can run as high as $16 per day. The sale of these insurance policies has been banned in some states following consumer complaints. In the remaining states, uninformed renters are prime targets, and scare tactics are not beyond the pale for some rental agencies. Some companies even commission their agents to sell the added insurance.
The first thing to know is how your personal insurance policy covers you in the event of an accident or theft involving a rental car. Chances are, you’re already covered. The coverage that rental agen- cies sell is duplicated by approximately 70 percent of personal car policies, according to the Insurance Information Institute.
Also, Visa and Mastercard’s gold cards and American Ex- press features secondary coverage, over and above your existing auto insurance. The free coverage is activated if you use the card at the time of signing the rental-car contract, but only if you decline the optional insurance policy offered by the rental agency.
REARRANGE YOUR ITINERARY. If your travel plans are flex- ible search out a city on your itinerary where mileage caps aren’t in effect and rent a car there.
DON’T DRIVE. Compare car- rental costs to airline or train costs; they could be cheaper ways to go.
CORPORATE, TRAVEL-CLUB DEALS. The mileage caps hit the leisure traveler who rents cars occasionally, not business travel- ers whose companies negotiate contract rates with rental compa- nies. Check if you’re eligible for a corporate rate— and if it works
Page 14
5|c sf: $ 9)e sffc $ $ £
WATCH YOUR STE^
Chinese media are starting to warn that nation's people of a new plague threatening their health: missing manhole cov- ers. It seems that thieves are stealing the iron discs by the thousands and selling them to scrap-metal recyclers for about $1 each. More than 4,000 of the lids were reported taken in Beijing alone in the first nine months of 1994. There have been traffic accidents and pedestrians disappearing suddenly.
WINNING WAY S . . .WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
Cilician Armenian Coinage... from page 10 known as takvorins, meaning. literally, belonging to the king. Although the coinage generally deteriorated in quality, attractive coins were still occasionally struck, such as the fairly well-preserved silver takvorin of King Levon III, minted between 1301 and 1307.
Although medieval Armenian coinage has been a topic of schol- arly interest for well over a century, many unanswered questions remain. Hoard studies are in progress, and research continues to uncover new information, such as studies of the chemical composition of Armenian silver trams, which indicates that when Hetoum became king in 1226, he reorganized mint operations and slightly improved the fineness of the coinage alloy.1'
Without the guidance of the eminent researcher Dr. Paul Z. Bedoukian, we might still be in the dark about Cilician numismatics. In
recognition of his enormous contributions— a dozen books and more than 100 scholarly numismatic articles— which have made Armenian coinage known to numismatists worldwide and comprehensible to the beginner, Bedoukian was presented with the American Numismatic Association’s prestigious Smedley Award in 1993.
I would like to conclude with the suggestion that medieval Arme- nian coinage offers collectors an accessible yet challenging specialty, neither too scarce, narrow or expensive, nor too large and intimidating. Inscriptions can be mastered with a little practice, and coins can be readily classified by design. There is plenty of literature in English to aid the collector and more is being published each year." Give this field a try; I think that you will find it rewarding and fun, and a good introduction to the fascinating history of a very young yet very old people.
OCTOBER, 1995
Dr. Leon Saryan is a toxicologist and has collected coins for 35 years. He has visited Armenia four times since 1987, and has written and lectured often about the history of Armenia, its culture, and its coinage. He is a member of several numis- matic and professional oganizations, including the American Numismatic Association, American Numismatic Society, Ar- menian Numismatic Society, Central States Numismatic So- ciety, Pacific Coast Numismatic Society, and the Society for Armenian Studies. He is corresponding editor of the
Leon A. Saryan, Ph.D.
Armenian Numismatic Journal, a quarterly devoted to schol- arly investigation of Armenian coins, and has been published in World Coin News, Bank Note Reporter, the Numismatist, Celator, and many other numismatic periodicals. He has re- ceived literary awards from the Central States Numismatic Society and the Pacific Coast Numismatic Society.)
Footnotes:
1 . Pierre Papazian, “Cilicia: The Other Armenia," in Pontifical Visit 1983 (New York: Armenian Apostolic Church of America, 1983), pp. 12-15.
2. There are three major works on medieval Armenian coinage by Paul Z. Bedoukian: Coinage of Cilician Armenia (New York: American Numismatic Society, 1962); a re- printed book length article. Medieval Armenian Coins (Paris: 1971); and several re- printed articles in Selected Numismatic Studies (Los Angeles: Armenian Numismatic Society. 1981).
3. Bedoukian, Coinage of Cilician Armenia, pp. 25-42.
4 Sirarpie Der Nersessian. Armenian Manuscripts in the Freer Gallery of Art (Washing- ton: Freer Gallery of Art, 1963), esp. figs. 97 and 1 10 from FGA 32.18, a lavish Arme- nian Gospel of the 13th Century.
5. Bedoukian, Medieval Armenian Coinage, pp. 8-9; Jacques de Morgan. A History <jf the Armenian People (Boston: Hairenik Association, 1965). p. 194.
6. Bedoukian, Medieval Armenian Coinage, pp. 9-10; de Morgan, p. 194; Roberto Pesant. "Comments on a Rare Coin of Roupen II (1 175- 1 1 87)," Armenian Numismatic Journal. Vol. 15 (1989), pp. 67-72.
7. On the unresolved question of the date of Levon's coronation, see Ani Atamian. “The Date of the Coronation of Levon 1 According to Armenian and Western Sources." The Armenian Review. Vol. 32, No. 3-127 (September 1979), pp. 280-291
8. D. M Metcalf, “Classification of the Trams of Levon I of Cilician Armenia," Revue Belae de Numismatiaue. Vol. 118 (1972), pp. 109126.
9. Bedoukian, "The Double Tram Series of Levon I of Cilician Armenia, Numismatic Chronicle. Vol 16 (1976), pp. 98-108 (reprinted in Bedoukian. Selected Numismatic Studies, pp. 279-297). Also by Bedoukian see “The Single Lion Coronation Coins of Levon I." Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies. Vol. 2 (1985-1986). pp. 97-105.
1 0. Bedoukian, Coinage of Cilician Armenia p. 58.
1 1. Bedoukian. Coinage of Cilician Armenia, pp. 44-217.
12. Bedoukian, Coinage of Cilician Armenia, pp. 25-42.
Amtenian Numismatic Society, 198.3); L. A. Saryan, "Armenia's Bilingual Trams," Midd Coin News. Vol. 13, No, I (January 7, 1986), pp. 24-27.
14 Y T Nercessian. "Levon II Trams Struck in Ayas," Armenian Numismatic Journal. Vol 4 (1978), pp 81-90.
15. L. A. Saryan, "Chemical Composition of Armenian Coins." Armenian Numismatic Journal. Vol 12, No. 3 (September 1986), pp. 22-29.
16. Y T Nercessian's excellent survey designed for the collector, Armenian Coins and Their Values, was released m early 1995. It is available from the Armenian Numismatic Society, 851 1 Beverly Park Place. Pico Rivera, CA 90660-1920.
Page 15
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
THE BIBLIOPHILE
By Ken Bressett
Standard Catalog of United States Tokens 1700-1900
By Russell Rulau
UNITED STATES
TOKENS
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Wv*A»V ".•» iW. • ’A >.'Ay.W •f-* ’.\WW • /Vn >'«■< .V© /«-
Numismatic literature has long been recognized for its void in coverage of four topics: Tokens, Med als. Medieval coins, and Bracteates. Now, thanks to the continued efforts of master cataloger Russ Rulau, great strides have been made in the listing of United States tokens. This latest work of his seemingly includes everything one will ever need to know about tokens issued during this two hundred-year period.
Good progress has been made in recent years in the field of Medieval coins, but the world will have to wait a bit longer before anything approaching Rulau’s thorough- ness can be done for medals, or those ever intriguing Bracteates. I can’t count how often I have resolved to tackle the latter, but it is one of those projects that al- ways get low priority.
Over the past dozen or so years Russ Rulau has authored a number of books on early American tokens. His knowl- edge of the subject and thoroughness in cataloging is well known and respected by everyone who has used these refer- ences. In this his latest effort he has combined and expanded on material previously published in separate books on sev- eral areas of collecting interest.
The new 824-page reference covers tokens of Early America, Hard Times, Merchants, Patriotic Civil War, Civil War store- cards, Trade tokens, and those more modern pieces of the Gay Nineties. “It is a joint publishing venture of Krause Pub- lications and the Civil War Token Society,” Russ writes in the book’s introduction, “not intended to replace the individual texts but rather to provide a ‘librarian’s choice’ type of refer- ence.”
In this he has succeeded well. Finding almost any token in
the above mentioned categories is relatively easy with this comprehensive reference. The copious illustrations, some 2,500 of them, make using this book a joy. In fact, I found myself browsing through it for a long time discovering many pieces I had never seen before. That in itself was not only a treat, but a real education.
More than 450 expert consultants and other sources were used to provide information for this giant undertaking. The mag- nitude of that effort shows through on every page. It is the one book you must have if you every intend to work with tokens of this period.
The weakest portion of this catalog is, of course, the Civil War section. And the author acknowl- edges that sacrifices had to be made in that area in order to list the most fre- quently found pieces without attempting to list the 10,000 or more varieties known to exist. In making his selections he has been very careful to keep the book a use- ful as possible in this burdensome field.
Each of the listings throughout this book is complete with as much information as is known about the dates and names of Ken Bressett issuers. Values are given in up to four
grades, and for the most part seem to be an accurate reflec- tion of this erratic market. An extremely helpful index rounds out the coverage, and makes it easy to locate all but the most tricky issues.
The Standard Catalog of United States Tokens 1700-1900 by Russell Rulau is formatted in the usual Krause “telephone book size.” The giant 824 page 81/2" x 11" volume is fully illustrated with actual size photographs. The book can be purchased for $45 plus $2.50 shipping from the publisher, Krause Publications, 700 East State Street, Iola, Wisconsin 54990-0001.
Congratulations, Ken, on your new position as Presi- dent of the ANA. WIN appreciates your keeping con- tributions to Winning Ways on your priority list.
Page 16
WINNING WAYS... WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
** ANACS**
Join the Growing
Number of Satisfied Collectors Making ANACS Their Choice!
Submit Your Coins Directly To ANACS Call for Forms 1-800-888-1861
$10 PER COIN (Plus Shipping) Regular Service Minimum of 10 Coins
$15 PER COIN (Plus Shipping) 5-Day Express Minimum of 5 Coins
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ANACS SUPPORTS WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS!
OCTOBER, 1995
Read about
Fred Weinberg & Co., Inc.
The background of our company will ensure that our services are provided with integrity, knowledge and over 23 years of numismatic experience.
Fred Weinberg & Company, Inc. is located in Encino, California. The firm offers numismatic coin and trading expertise in the areas of United States Rare Cold & Silver coinage, as well as modern coin issues from various government mints around the world.
The company is an active force the wholesale market, trading with dealers, banks and investors internationally. It also has direct purchasing and distribution rights with certain government mints.
Our staff of qualified numismatic specialists will also design custom coin portfolios for institutions, investors, and collectors in accordance with each client’s specific needs.
SPECIALISTS IN RARE U.S.
GOLD AND SILVER COINS
• We carry an extensive inventory of rare U.S. Gold & Silver coinage.
• Major market makers in PCGS graded coins.
• Free coin portfolio evaluation service
WE OFFER NEW COIN ISSUES FROM VARIOUS MINTS AROUND THE WORLD
• Distributors for the just-released Monnaie de Paris - first issue of 5 oz.
Gold coins, featuring artworks from the Louvre Museum. Worldwide mintage of only 99 coins per design!
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WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Page 17
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
ALEXANDER, DAVID T.
AMERICAN NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
ARLIN, LIZ
ARMSTRONG-BIGGER, RUTH-
BABER, DOROTHY
BANSEMER, TAMMI
BARR, JULIE
BEST, CARRIE
BEYMER, SONDRA
BLYTHE, AL
BROWN, FRITZ
BULLOWA-MOORE, CATHERINE
CARMODY, HELEN
CLAIN-STEFANELLI, ELVIRA
CORBIN, SUE *
CRANE, SUZIE
DARLING, TERESA
DAVIS, PAT-
DE LOREY, TOM
DEISHER, BETH
DELUSSEY, JANIS
DICKASON, TAMI -
DIETER, LINDA
FELLER, REBECCA
FREEMAN, CHERIE
FREEMAN, PATRICIA
GARRETT, MARY LYNN
GRAHAM, CAROLYN
GREGO, ANTOINETTE
GRELLMAN, CINDY-
HALPERIN, JIM
HEFFERNAN, PEGGY-
HIGHFILL, MARLENE -
JAGGER, PATTI
JOHNSON, DOROTHY-
JONES, ELIZABETH
KAGIN, JUDITH
KAGIN, A.M.
KLEIN, KAREN
KOPPENHAVER, GLENDA
KREIGER-BENSON, HANNAH--
LOPRESTO, SAM -
MARCHESE, JANICE
MERCER, DICK
MERCER, DONNA
MERENA, PATRICIA
MOHON, CINDY
OLSEN, MARGARET-
PATRICK, JESSE
PETERS, GLORIA
PICHLER, KIMBERLY-
PIKE, GAYLE
PIRET, DIANE
Page 18
OCTOBER, 1995
Stacks
Gary Atkins
Numismatic News J's coins & Jewelry
Jack Beymer Coins Sierra Vista Coins Hy Brown, Inc.
C.E. Bullowa O'Carmody Coins Smithsonian Institute Tyler Stamp & Coin Junior Member Show Promoter Centennial Coins Harlan Berk Coin World Master Tech. Int'l London Coin Galleries Linda's Promotions Junior Member
Mid-American R.C. Mnt. High Coins Michael Aron R.C.
FUN
Heritage R.C.
ANACS
Oklahoma Federated ICD
Gold 'N Ancients Kagin's Newco Albuquerque Collector's Long Beach Exposition
Zaidman & Lopresto James & Sons Ltd. Grizzly Mining Co. Grizzly Mining Co. Bowers and Merena P & M Rare Coins Westminster Coin The Patrick Mint P & M Rare Coins Krause Publications Coin Castle R.C. I.C.T.A.
RAPSUS, GINGER
REBACK, MARILYN— REIBLEIN, WALTER—
RIECKS, JANE
ROSS, SARAH
ROSSMAN, WILL
RUSSELL, MARGO—
SAUVAIN, MARY
SISNEROS, BARBARA SMITH, CHRISTINA—
STANTON, J.T.
STONE, DAIL
SUNDMAN, DAVID
SWIATEK, ANTHONY
WATSON, GAIL A.
WEBB, VAL
WEINBERG, ELLEN—
WHITNAH, PAUL
WILLIAMS, LISA
WILLIAMS, DEBBIE—
WILSON, NANCY-
WISHON, LINDA
Business Affiliate ANA
Ross Enterprises Heritage
Fleur De Coin Willoughby R.C.
Christina M. Smith
The Vault Gold & Silver Littleton Coin Company Anthony Swiatek, Inc. Bowers and Merena Val J. Webb Numismatics Fred Weinberg & Co.
M & M Travel Service, Inc.
Collector Coin Exchange WITHROW, MARY ELLEN— Secretary of the U.S.
Treasury
President's Message from page 2
ner Clyde Brinkman, 2nd place winner Ginger Pike and our own Gail Watson who had the third place winning ticket.
By the time you get this we will be into the fall. I don't see where the summer has gone. But. I am ready to enjoy cool weather, the changing leaves, trick or treaters and the ever an- ticipated Thanksgiving turkey. Hope all of you enjoy these too!
714/251-1366
FOR THE NOVICE AND SERIOUS COLLECTOR ALIKE SPECIALIZING IN TRILOBITES, AMMONITES AND NAUTILOIDS FROM 50 TO 450 MILLION YEARS OLD.
THE PERFECT GIFT FOR SOMEONE WHO HAS EVERYTHING
London Coin Galifreis of Newport
4533 MacArthur Blvd. ♦ Newport Beach, CA 92660 ♦ 714/251-0172 FAX
WIN MEMBERS
AUGUST, 1995
Business Affiliate
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
WIN SCHOLARSHIP 1996
New WIN members may not realize WIN offers a paid scholarship (Tuition, room/board and coach airfare) to the July ANA Summer Conference held in Colo- rado Springs, CO. This is a one week educational opportunity besides being packed with fellowship and fun with fellow numismatists.
This will be your only notice this year of the pending award. Your written essay will be your entry form and we ask you to write and sign the follow- ing disclaimer at the bottom. "I agree to hold WIN not responsible for injury or loss by accepting this ANA Scholarship Award." Parents must sign for Junior applicants.
Deadline (postmarked) for submitting your essay is November 27th. You may send your dues check for 1996 with your application if you wish.
Drawing for the winning applicant will be held Saturday at the FUN show in Orlando, FL.
You need not attend and, if a winner, you will be notified by phone or mail. ..post haste!
^ Wait! „ Don’t Sell
J Your Coins
| Until You Talk To Heritage :
We Will Pay You Top Dollar For Your Entire Collection.
Get Your Check Today !
Jf the time has come to sell your collection, you owe it to yourself to contact Heritage Rare Coin Galleries. As the world's largest and most respected coin firm, we sell more, so we pay more. Or if you prefer, talk to us about selling your rare coins at one of our national public auctioris. We buy virtually all types of rare coins and currency.
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS WIN ANA SCHOLARSHIP
• Entire Collections • Certified and Raw Coins
• Entire Dealers Stocks • Quality Rare U.S. and Foreign Coins
1 . All candidates must be a WIN member in good stand- ing with the current year dues paid prior to the drawing at the FUN Show in January.
2. Age requirement (Junior members) for the Summer Conference will be determined by ANA.
3. All candidates will submit an essay of 200 to 300 words on: 1 ) Why I would like to attend the ANA Sum- mer Conference or 2) What I expect to gain/learn at the ANA Summer Conference. Essays will only be reviewed for motivation and sincerity. Essays and written mate- rial submitted will become the property of WIN and may be published in part or in whole either in Winning Ways or other publications.
4. All candidates are expected to attend the current year’s Conference if selected. All agree to respond within four- teen davs with a positive or negative commitment if their name is selected at the FUN Show drawing. All candi- dates agree if the 14dav requirement cannot be met their eligibility will be withdrawn and the opportunity will be passed to the 1 st alternate for a 14 dav response, and so forth until all 5 names drawn are exhausted. If none of the above can accept the scholarship all current dues paid members names will be placed in a drawing as desig- nated by the President.
5. The selected candidate who is finalized as the winner would be ineligible to compete again in this contest for a period of 5 years.
6. All candidates will sign a disclaimer at the bottom of the entry form (essay) absolving WIN of any liability resulting from any and all claims of injury or property loss that may occur during his or her attendance at the Conference. Junior members must have his or her par- ents or legal guardian sign the disclaimer form.
For more information, call
1-800-US COINS
(872-6467)
A im-mtvr t»( the llcril.igc family of fine mmpjnn-*. Tin- world"' bryi-M dcalcrx in rarv coin* with jvhIv in iw»« of $15 million, o\or $20 million in i^piul jnd jiiiumI vile* in iW» of 5100 million ui» audited by Arthur Andersen. IK Ihriugv l omfkinii-' .tlwi hj\y K office" worklw idc.
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I'Nl. |*N_\ I'Nt.Mvl I'Nl MklAVmiti ANA SiU> l 111 ►Oil r- ,Mk i ii rkvr k ilk’ U.S l I, mum k ill IVk-A. yXlnlvr .iikl I Vxvmlvt. I ‘IN*
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Heritage Plaza • 100 Highland Park Village • Dallas, Texas 75205-2788 WATS: 1-800-US COINS (872-6467) • In Texas: 214-528-3500 • FAX: 214-520-6968
£M^ania
Questions
1 . Name the two 1934 Philadelphia issue Washington type quarter varieties?
2. Which silver dollar coin discounts the truism "first year issues are always hoarded"?
3. X rays were discovered; gold was discovered on the Klondike River in Alaska
and William McKinley was elected President during which engraver’s era?
4. Who was John Hull’s partner in their Massachusetts coinage operation ?
5. What kind of note has a portrait of Chief Hollow Horn Bear of the Buele Sioux on its face?
6. Where is the mint mark located on the Jefferson type nickel, pre-war issue?
Answers on page 21
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Page 19
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
IfiPunSl
Pun!
Pun!
The 41st Annual
FUN SHOW!
January 4-7, 1996
Orange County Convention/Civic Center 9800 International Drive ♦ Orlando, Florida
Hotel Reservations Peabody Hotel “Official Convention Headquarters” 1-800-732-2639
Clarion Plaza Hotel 1-800-627-8258
Quality Inn Plaza 1-800-999-8585
•Mention “FUN 1996" for special convention rates!
Auction by Heritage Numismatic Auctions
Heritage Plaza
100 Highland Park Village, Dallas, TX 75205 1-800-US COINS • (1-800-872-6467) Consignments now being accepted!
M & M World Travel Service Travel Arrangements & Car Rental PH: 800-426-8326
Bourse Information Bob Hurst, Membership Chairman
P.O. Box 10017, Titusville, FL 32783
Competitive Exhibits Gene Hynds
3520 SW 36th Court, Hollywood, FL 33023
305-983-7387
4IK
Page 20
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
VOLUME 4 No. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
Thirteen year old Rebecca Fuller, WIN's newest Junior member.
cl\umis CH^ania
Answers Jrom page 19
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•§u;p|inq sip jo iqSu sip oj ‘ssjsas^ g (Z69# S3U3S) ‘0Z.6I ‘31B3IJI1J33 )U3UlXBd XjBJIIIIAJ 01$ 3M1 S
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„BJ3 JsqjBg,, 3Mi/£ •JBHOp 33B3J 1361 'Z onoui Xabsh pue ‘ohoiu iq§n l
The Complete Guide To WALKING LIBERTY HALF DOLLARS
NEW! Just Released NEW!
By Bruce Fox
Approx. 150 pages of text (8 1/2” x 11") + over 200 photos. Complete Date Sk Min Mark Analysis * Rarity Ratings by Date & Grade * Population Rankings of Certified Coins * Pricing Guide ’Grading ’Series History ’Varieties ’Mint Errors ’Counterfeits
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To Order Please Send Clieok/M.O.i Bruoe Fox, Golden West Numismatics, 16787 Beach Blvd., Huntington Beach, CA 92647
YES! I would like to become a
member of Women In Numismatics.
Enclosed are my first year's dues:
Regular $35— (Ck. Cash )
Junior $20-(Ck. Cash )
Membership is from Jan.lst thru Dec. 31st
Please send a membership application to:
NAME:
BUSINESS:
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
FAX:
DATE:
SIGNATURE:
COMPLETE AND FORWARD TO:
PATTI JAGGER P.O. BOX 500804 SAN DIEGO, CA 92150-0804
EXCELLENCE
excelencia
vorzuglichkeit
NO MATTER HOW IT’S PRONOUNCED, collectors the world over understand the word and recognize the symbol for quality in coin products. For over 50 years Whitman® has been supplying hobbyists with the most reliable and authoritative reference books available. Whitman® has also made collecting enjoyable with our coin storage and display products which protect and enhance the most discriminating collections. WHITMAN® - the hobby standard.
Whitman® Coin Products Western Publishing Company, Inc. Racine, Wisconsin 53404
WINNING WAYS. ..WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
Page 21
VOLUME 4 NO. 4
OCTOBER, 1995
T.C.S. INC.
“Buy, Sell. Trade Coins. Diamonds Gold. Silver. Bullion
The Coin Shop, Inc.
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THANKS
OUR ADVERTISERS. YOU ARE IMPORTANT TO US!
P * M
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1 4252 Culver, #490 Irvine, CA 927 1 4
BUYING
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P.O. Box 1691 Salisbury, Maryland 21802
I
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J. R. (BOB) GRELLMAN
U.S. Large Cents
P.O. Box 951988 Lake Mary, FL 32795-1988
Phone: (407) 321-8747
BUSINESS REVIEW
ADVERTISING PAYS
Zaidman & Lopresto
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Teresa Darling
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112 E Broadway Long Beach. CA 90802
(213) 437-8481
LARRY BRIGGS RARE COINS RARITIES &
SEATED SPECIALTIES
1-419-228-2285
J.R. Investments
Gold & Silver Coins & Bullion
COINS - STAMPS BOUGHT - SOLD APPRAISED
Jack H. Beymer
P.O. Box 187 Lima, OH 45802
Hours:
M-F 1 0-6 Eastern
J.R. Walters (404) 924-6657
P.O. Box 669662 Marietta, GA 30066-0112
JACK H BEYMER, INC.
CODDINaTOWN COIN SHOP 737 CODOINCTOWN CtNTtN SANTA Rot*, CALIF 03401
TELEPHONE 707-344- 1621
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CASEY SISNEROS
BARBARA SISNEPOS
Page 22
WINNING WAYS...WOMEN IN NUMISMATICS
The Show Often Imitated, but Never Equaled!
NUMISMATIC, PHILATELIC & SPORTS CARD EXPOSITION
HELD IN FEBRUARY, JUNE AND OCTOBER EACH YEAR
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Over 2500 World Class Coin & Stamp Dealers, including approx. 100 Booths of the Finest Sportscard Dealers in the World
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Auctions of U.S. and Foreign Coins & Certified US Coins by Renowned Auctioneers. Exciting Auctions of Collectibles including Baseball Cards.
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OUTSTANDING FORUMS & SEMINARS
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For Information, contact
Paul L. Koppenhaver
Chairman Paul L. Koppenhaver (818) 832-8986 Co-Chairman Ronald J. Gillio (805) 963-1345
Convention Center during show (310) 436-3636